Infectious Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
Viral/ alergic
Meds: Antihistamines, Leukotriene inhibitors, mast cell stabilizers
Describe this condition
Rhinitis
Caution with…..
Sudafed, Dristan, Afrin
What type of meds are they?
Addiction (Rebound Congestion)
Nasal Decongestants
Sinusitis
Requires this type of medication
Antibiotics
Pharyngitis is mostly this type of infection
Viral, bacterial, fungal
Viral
How to diagnose Sinusitis
Rapid antigen test
Strep A
Which bacteria causes Tonsillitis
Streptococcus
How does sinusitis happen
Blocked secretions cause infection
Surgical Intervention for this
Irrigation
Caldwell-Luc
Endoscopic sinus surgery
Sinusitis
Otalgia
Ear pain
Otalgia
Malaise
Lymphadenopathy
Peritonsillar abscess (Pus makes 1 sided swelling)
Difficult breathing
Are additional symptoms of this
Tonsillitis
Etiologies
URI, GERD, irritants
Laryngotis
Treatment for laryngitis
Rest & Time
Tonsillitis is caused by
Streptococcus
Treatments
Percutaneous needle aspiration
Antibodies, analgésicos
T & A
Tonsillitis
Zanamlvir (Relenza)
Ozeltamlvir (Tamiflu)
Used to treat
Influenza
H1N1….
Swine Flu
Acute inflammation of the lung parenchymal with accumulation of fluid in the bronchioles and alveoli
Pneumonia
Crackles / Wheezes, Dullness to Percussion, increased tactile fremitus, bronchial breath sounds
This disease
Pneumonia
This disease feels like a cheese grater in the lungs
Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleurae
Treatment for pleural effusion
Thoracentesis
Complications of pneumonia
Lung abcesses from…
S aureus & Gram negative
Complications of pneumonia
Empyema….
is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity
Pericarditis
Infection in the heart
Complications of pneumonia
Disoriented
Lumbar puncture to diagnose
Meningitis
Complications of pneumonia
Microorganisms attack the heart valves
Endocarditis
The corona virus is from this family
SARS
How does the Corona virus kill
What is the name of the condition
ARDS
Acute respiratory Distress syndrome
3 treatments to ARDS
- Lower tidal volume (increase Co²)
- Paralysis to keep respiration in sync with low Tidal Volume
- Prone posistion
Pockets of puss filled abseses that can burst open in the lung
Empyema
When is Anthrax 100% fatal
When it is inhaled
Gram positive are this color when stained?
Aerobic or Anaerobic
Purple
Aerobic
Gram negative are this color when stained
Aerobic or Anaerobic
Red
Anaerobic
Bacterialcidal or bacterialstatic
Better at killing Gram positive
Bacterialcidal
Penicillin
Bacterialcidal or bacterialstatic
Bacterialcidal
penicillin G, amoxicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin.
Type of antibiotics
Bacterialcidal or Bacterialstatic
Bacterialcidal
Cephalosporins
Bacterialcidal or Bacterialstatic
Both
Cephalosporin kill Gram negative or positive
Both broad spectrum
Ceftriaxone
Cefazolin
Cefotaxime
Ceftaroline
Cefuroxime
Cephalexin
Cefadroxil
Cefalexin
Cefixime
Cefaclor
This type of antibiotic
Cephlosporin
Broad spectrum
A person with allergies to penicillin maybe alergic to…
Cephalosporins
Tetracycline
Bacterialcidal or Bacterialstatic
Bacterialstatic
Inhibit protein synthesis
Used to combat against
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Acne
STD
H. Pylori
Pericardial effusions
Tetracycline - bacterial static
lymecycline, methacycline, minocycline, rolitetracycline, and doxycycline
This type of antibiotic
Tetracycline- bacterial static
Treats
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Acne
H pylori
STD
Pericardial effusion
Side effects of lymecycline, methacycline, minocycline, rolitetracycline, and doxycycline
Enamel hypoplasia
Photosenstivity
Aminoglycosides
Bacterialcidal or Bacterialstatic
Broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotics
Most effective against gram negative & anaerobic organisms
Works synergistic with other antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, neomycin, and streptomycin
This type of antibiotic
Aminoglycosides
gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, neomycin, and streptomycin
Have this SE
Used to treat
Nephrotoxic & Ototoxic
TB & GI organsims, Klebsiella, E coli, Pseudomonas
Monitor these (4) for Aminoglycosides
Must do peak & trough
Monitor urine output
BUN & Creatinine
Assess hearing, headache, paresthesia, lethargy
erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin - Z-pack, fidaxomicin, and telithromycin
Type of antibiotic
Macrolides- bacterialstatic
Patient education for Macrolides :erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin - Z Pak fidaxomicin, and telithromycin
Take with Full glass water on empty stomach
Uses: Legionnares, Mycoplasma, H pylori
Monitor IV site & Liver function
Macrolides Azithromycin Z Pak
What is the strongest antibiotics
Vancomycin - Bacterialcidal
What diseases is Vancomycin used for
MRSA & C diff
Vancomycin has these precautions
(5)
Redman/ Redneck
Nephrotoxic & Ototoxic
Monitor urine output
BUN & Creatinine
Assess hearing, headaches, paresthesia, lethargy
TB is spread by
Has this type of Precautions
Droplets
Airborne
Hallmark symptom of TB
Night sweats, afternoon fever, fatigue
Mantoux test indication for exposure to TB
> 10 mm
Isoniazid IRH Antibiotic
Daily for 6 - 9 months
Is used for…
Prophylaxis of TB
Patient education for giving INH Isoniazid
Vitamin B⁶
All the medication used to treat TB
All hav3 this side effect
INH
Rifampin
PZA pyrazinamide
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Liver Damage
Rifamptin- Bacterialcidal used to combat TB has this side effect
Turns urine orange
PZA pyrazinamide used to combat TB
SE: Hepatitis, hyperuricemia, rash, GI
Monitor for…
Uric acid (hyperuricemia)
AST / ALT
PZA pyrazinamide
Pt education
Drink 2 L water
Take with food
Ethambutol - Bacterialstatic
used to treat TB & MDRO
SE:
Teaching:
Optic neuritis (reversible)
Monthly vision checks & Give with food
Measles
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS)
Varicella (chickenpox)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Anthrax
Disseminated herpes zoster
Have this precaution
Airborne precautions
INH
Rifampin
PZA pyrazinamide
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Used for
Combined to treat TB
5 meds combined to treat TB
INH
Rifampin
PZA pyrazinamide
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Peak and trough according to Ed
30 minutes before and after drug administration
Type of gram bacteria without a cell wall
Negative
