Infectious kid's diseases Flashcards

Question

What is the management for verruca (warts)?

Answer 1

Individualized destructive therapy (surgical removal, electrocautery, cryotherapy, laser caustic solutions, curettage) ## Footnote Treatment varies based on the type and location of the wart.

Answer 2

Verruca plantaris (plantar warts) ## Footnote These warts can be painful and are often surrounded by hyperkeratosis.

Answer 3

Caustic solution applied to wart wear insoles with holes soak affected area for 20 min repeat treatment until wart falls off ## Footnote Treatment may require multiple sessions for complete removal.

Answer 4

Group of vesicles that itch and burn, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Herpes simplex virus type 2 ## Footnote Cold sores are also known as fever blisters.

Answer 5

Apply Burrow solution during weeping stage oral antiviral (acyclovir) to reduce duration oral antiviral (valacyclovir) for genital herpes ## Footnote Antivirals can help reduce the duration of outbreaks.

Answer 6

Shingles ## Footnote Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus.

Answer 7

Neurologic pain, hyperesthesias, or itching, rash, vesicular lesions appear near afferent nerve endings ## Footnote The rash typically follows a dermatomal distribution.

Answer 8

Use oral or topical analgesics, apply moist compresses, zoster vaccine recommended for clients greater than 50 years of age ## Footnote Vaccination can help prevent shingles in older adults.

Answer 9

Flesh-colored papules with dimple in center, (pox virus) ## Footnote Molluscum contagiosum is often self-limiting but can be treated if necessary.

Answer 10

Resolves spontaneously in 18 months, complicated cases: remove pox chemically or with curettage, cryotherapy or electrodessication ## Footnote Treatment options are available for persistent or complicated cases.

Answer 11

Ringworm of the scalp, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis ## Footnote Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection seen in children.

Answer 12

Scaly, circumscribed lesion with alopecia on the scalp, pruritic ## Footnote The lesions can be itchy and may lead to hair loss.

Answer 13

Use of selenium sulfide shampoos, oral griseofulvin, kerion-griseofulvin, and oral corticosteroids for 2 weeks, complicated cases: oral ketoconazole ## Footnote Treatment often requires systemic antifungal therapy.

Answer 14

Ringworm of the body Trichophyton rubrum Trichophyton mentagrophytes Microsporum canis ## Footnote Tinea corporis is characterized by round or oval erythematous scaling patches.

Answer 15

Round or oval erythematous scaling patch, spreads peripherally and unilaterally and clears centrally ## Footnote The appearance of the lesions can help in diagnosis.

Answer 16

Oral griseofulvin topical antifungal (tolnaftate, clotrimazole treat infected pets clotrimazole or ciclopirox twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks ## Footnote Ongoing treatment and hygiene are important to prevent recurrence.

Answer 17

Jock itch, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ## Footnote Tinea cruris commonly affects the groin area.

Answer 18

Medial and proximal aspect of the thigh and crural folds, may include the scrotum, pruritic, round erythematous scaling patch ## Footnote The rash can be itchy and uncomfortable.

Answer 19

Athlete’s foot, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum ## Footnote Tinea pedis is a common fungal infection that affects the feet.

Answer 20

Between toes or on the plantar surface of the feet, maceration and fissuring lesions between the toes, patches with tiny vesicles on the plantar surface ## Footnote Symptoms can cause significant discomfort.

Answer 21

Moniliasis, Candida albicans ## Footnote Candidiasis often occurs in moist areas of the skin.

Answer 22

White exudate, peeling inflamed areas that bleed easily, pruritic ## Footnote The lesions can be quite uncomfortable and may require treatment.

Answer 23

Topical antifungal ointment (miconazole, nystatin) for skin lesions, miconazole, clotrimazole for vulvovaginal candidiasis ## Footnote Treatment should be tailored to the site of infection.

Answer 24

Variable, from no reaction to hypersensitivity reaction, papular urticaria, firm papules ## Footnote Reactions can vary significantly among individuals.

Answer 25

Local reaction: small red itchy wheal, systemic reaction: generalized edema, pain, nausea and vomiting, confusion, respiratory problems, shock ## Footnote Severe reactions can be life-threatening.

Answer 26

Scrape or pull out stinger quickly, cleanse with soap and water, apply cool compresses, administer topical and oral antihistamines, epinephrine and corticosteroids for severe cases ## Footnote Quick action is essential in severe allergic reactions.

Answer 27

Bites on warm parts of the body variable reactions from no reaction to hypersensitivity papular urticaria, firm papules ## Footnote Chigger bites can lead to intense itching.

Answer 28

Systemic steroids for severe cases ## Footnote Severe allergic reactions may require medical intervention.

Answer 29

Firm, discrete, pruritic nodule at site, possible urticaria or persistent localized edema ## Footnote Ticks can transmit various diseases, including Lyme disease.

Answer 30

Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, can appear in stages ## Footnote Lyme disease is a significant concern in areas where ticks are prevalent.

Answer 31

Stage 1: red macular/papular lesion, Stage 2: systemic involvement, Stage 3: advanced systemic involvement ## Footnote Each stage presents different symptoms and complications.

Answer 32

Observe clients bitten by a tick for 30 days, antibiotic (single dose) for clients meeting criteria, 2- to 3-week course for confirmed disease, doxycycline for children over 8 years, amoxicillin or cefuroxime for under 8 years ## Footnote Early treatment is critical to prevent long-term complications.

Answer 33

Mild sting leads to transient erythema and blister, pain 2 to 8 hr following bite, star-shaped purple area in 3 to 4 days, necrotic ulceration in 7 to 14 days ## Footnote Brown recluse spider bites can lead to serious skin necrosis.

Answer 34

Cool compresses antibiotic corticosteroids analgesic for pain possible skin graft ## Footnote Severe cases may require surgical intervention.

Answer 35

Mild sting leads to swollen, painful site, dizziness, weakness, abdominal pain possible delirium, paralysis, seizures, death ## Footnote Black widow bites can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

Answer 36

Cleanse bite with antiseptic, apply cool compresses, administer antivenin, muscle relaxant, analgesics ## Footnote Prompt treatment is essential to manage symptoms effectively.

Answer 37

Intense localized erythema, burning, numbness, restlessness, vomiting, ascending paralysis, possible coma and death ## Footnote Scorpion stings can lead to severe systemic reactions.

Answer 38

Position site in dependent position, keep child calm, administer antivenin, analgesic for pain, admit to intensive care unit for close monitoring ## Footnote Close monitoring is crucial due to the potential severity of symptoms.

Answer 39

Intense itching Small, red bumps on the scalp Nits (white specks) on the hair shaft

Answer 40

1% permethrin shampoo Spinosad 0.9% topical suspension for children 4 years and older. Benzyl alcohol 5% in infants 6 months and older. Remove nits with a nit comb, repeat in 7 days after shampoo treatment Wash clothing, bedding in hot water with detergent. Place items unable to be laundered in a sealed plastic bag for 14 days. Difficult cases: use malathion 0.5%

Answer 41

Intensely itchy, especially at night Rash, especially between fingers, popliteal folds, and inguinal regions Thin, pencil-like marks on the skin. Mites look like black dot on end of a grayish-brown burrow INFANTS Widespread on the body with pimples on the trunk Blisters on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet YOUNG CHILDREN: Most common on head, neck, shoulders, palms, and soles OLDER CHILDREN: Most common on hands, wrists, genitals, and abdomen

Answer 42

Apply a scabicide (5% permethrin cream) over the entire body to remain on the skin for 8 to 14 hr; repeat in 1 to 2 weeks. Treat entire family and persons that have been in contact with infected person during and 60 days after infection. Wash underwear, towels, clothing, and sleepwear in hot water. Vacuum carpets and furniture. Apply calamine lotion or cool compresses until itching subsides following treatment. Difficult cases: May use oral ivermectin.