Infectious Eye Diseaes Flashcards
What is preseptal cellulitis?
Infection of soft tissue anterior to orbital septum
Aetiology of preseptal cellulitis?
Usually follows periorbital trauma or dermal infection
Rx preseptal cellulitis?
-Systemic ABx e.g. amoxycillin-clavulanic acid
Suspected pathogens in preseptal cellulitis?
H. influenzae in children; S. aureus or Strep in adults.
What is orbital cellulitis?
OCULAR & MED EMERGENCY
-Inflammation of orbital contents posterior to orbital septum
Who is predisposed to orbital cellulitis?
-Children, elderly and immunocompromised.
Aetiology of orbital cellulitis?
Usually secondary to sinus / facial / tooth infections or trauma. May arise from pre-septal cellulitis.
Treatment orbital cellulitis?
- Admit
- 2 x blood cultures
- Orbital CT
- IV ABx (ceftriaxone + vancomycin)
- Surgical drainage of abscess and close follow up
Complications of orbital cellulitis?
- Optic nerve inflammation
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess with possible loss of vision and death
Clinical features of pre-septal cellulitis?
- May have fever
- Mod-severe lid oedema
- Normal vision
- No RAPD
- Mod leukocytosis
- May have skin infection
Clinical features of orbital cellulitis?
- Fever
- Severe lid oedema
- Conjunctival infection
- Marked chemosis
- Proptosis
- Pain on eye movement
- Decreased ocular mobility
- Diminished vision
- +/- RAPD
- Marked leukocytosis
- Elevated ESR
- May have sinusitis, dental abscess
What is dacryocystitis?
Acute or chronic infection of the lacrimal sac. Most commonly due to obstruction of nasolacrimal duct.
Cause Herpes Simplex Keratitis?
Usually HSV type I (90% population are carriers).
Triggers of herpes simplex keratitis?
Stress, fever, sun exposure, immunosuppression.
Clinical features of herpes simplex keratitis?
- Pain, tearing, foreign body sensation, red eye, +/- decreased vision, eyelid oedema.
- Corneal hypoesthesia