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MY 2016 RUSVM SAM 1 > Infectious Dz > Flashcards

Infectious Dz Flashcards

1
Q

Dr. Christie’s Lectures

A
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2
Q

Salmonella enterica causes….

Give me some general info please!

A

Salmonellosis!

G (-)

Easily transmitted between animals, humans, environment (zoonotic!)

found in 80% of raw chicken fed to animals 20-35% poultry carcasses for human consumption 5-9% raw pet food

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3
Q

CS of Salmonellosis

A

None to mild severe gastroenteritis

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4
Q

Dx of Salmonellosis

A

CS fecal culture

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5
Q

Tx of Salmonellosis

A

Minimal signs/asymptomatic - none Severe cases - isolation, AB’s chloramphenicol, SMZ/TMP, amoxi, ampicillin

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6
Q

Campylobacter general info please!

A

C. jejuni

G-

Many dogs & cats are asymptomatic carriers

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7
Q

CS of Campylobacter

A

Large bowel diarrhea

mucous, tenesmus, hematochezia

incr signs w/ STRESS

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8
Q

Dx of Campylobacter

A

Microscopic exam

Culture

PCR

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9
Q

Tx of Campylobacter

A

Abs? Unk efficacy

erythromycin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, enrofloxacin

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10
Q

Helicobacter

A

G (-)

Live in stomach

produce high levels of urease to survive low pH

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11
Q

CS of Helicobacter

A

May or may not cause chronic gastritis

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12
Q

Tx of Helicobacter

A

Triple therapy

2 antibiotics & antacid

amoxicillin, metronidazole & omeprazole

or

amoxicillin, metroinidazole & famotidine

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13
Q

Brucellosis

A

B. canis = G (-) aerobic, coccobacillus

cats resistant to infection, only affects dogs

transmmitted through aborted fetal material, semen, urine, milk, orally/conjucntivally?

persists intracellularly

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14
Q

CS of Brucellosis

A

Dogs can have asymptomatic infections

generalised lymphadenopathy, transient fevers even seizure

Intact males - enlarged scrotum, epididymitis, infertility, testicular atrophy

Females - infertility, abortion, stillborn pups

Other CS: Discospondylitis chorioretinitis, optic neuritis anterior uveitis

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15
Q

Dx of Brucellosis

A

Serology

titres stapy positive for up to 3 years

Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT) - good screening (95% sensitive) but not specific due to cross react w/ other bact.

Tube agglutination test (TAT) - titer >200 = active infection, 50-100 = suspect infection

still confirm w/ AGID, ELISA or PCR or bact cult

Culture aborted tissues or blood

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16
Q

Tx of Brucellosis

A

Very difficult to eradicate

Sterilise all infected animals due to public health concerns

Doxycycline & IM streptomycin - aminolycosides, doxy, quinolones

4 wks tx

retest 6-9 mos post tx

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17
Q

Actinomyces & Nocardia spp

A

G (+)

Associated w/ anerobic infections, FB migrations, pyothorax, peritonits, bite wounds.

Often has draining tracts/wounds with yellow (sulfer) granules

Associated w/ wounds & pyothorax

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18
Q

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)

A

RNA - very susceptible in environment

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19
Q

CDV pathogenesis

A

water droplets → upper respiratory tract epithelium → multiplies in tissue MØ (<24) → lymphatics

2-4d PI ^^^ viral load in tonsils & retropharyngeal/bronchial LN

4-6d PI virus in lymphoid follicles of spleen, GALT (lamina propria of stomach, SI), mesenteric LN & liver Kupffer cells

^^^ viral replication causes pyrexia & lymphopenia 3-6d PI → 8-9d PI spreads to epithelial tissues & CNS

by 14D PI animals w/ adeq CDV abs & cell-mediated response clear virus from most tissues

Poor immune response leads to spread in skin, exocrine/endocrine glands, & epithelium of GIT, resp tract & GU tract

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20
Q

CS of CDV

A

Bilateral serous oculonasla discharge

Biphasic pyrexia

KCS

Diarrhea

Vesicles & pustules

Nasal & digital hyperkeratosis & CNS signs “hard pad dz”

tachypnea, coughing

meningeal inflammation

seizures

myoclonus

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21
Q

Dx CDV

A

3-6 mo unvaccinated (inadequately vxd) puppy

intracytoplasmic distemper inclusion bodies in erythrocytes

MRI

CSF: anti-CDV antibody, ^ protein - if blood contamination of CSF occurs & serology shows CDV +, test for Parvo. If parvo + then confirms + CDV is from vx not dz (CPV isnt neurotrophic)

Serology

PCR: buffy coat, WB, serum or CSF sample

Serum antibody testing - neutralising antibodies “gold standard” (IgG levels)

Indirect FA testing titers

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22
Q

Tx of CDV

Px

A

supportive care, anti-seizure

POOR

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23
Q

Prev of CDV

A

Vx

Killed (not in US)

Vector vaccine - canarypox based

MLV (most common)

Can cause vx reactions

Vx schedule - after initial series (6, 9, 12, 16 wks) & 1 yr booster then q 3y

public health risk - Pagets dz?

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24
Q

Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1)

A

Highly resistant in environment

PI virus in all tissues but 10-14 d PI virus only in kidneys & excreted in urine 6-9 mos!

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25
Q

Pathogenesis of CAV-1

A

Severe viremia 4-8d PI

Hepatic parenchymal cells, vascular endothelium & CNS prime targets

ABs form by 7d PI

Acute hepatic necrosis

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26
Q

CS of CAV-1

A

moribound & die in a few hours post CS onset (fading puppy dz)

Pyrexia

tonsillar enlargement & lymphadenopathy

hemorrhagic diathesis

icterus uncommon

corneal edema & anterior uveitis

Called: Canine infectious hepatitis

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27
Q

Dx of CAV-1

A

CBC: leukopenia, lymphopenia & neutropenia

thrombocytopenia

Chem: hyperglobinemia day 7-21

^ ALT, AST & ALP

Coagulation abnormalities

UA: proteinuria

abdominal paracentesis/ abdominocentisis: yellow/hemmorhagic fluid

Serology: ^^^ titers after infection

PM pathology: swollen liver & mottled, multiple ecchymotic hemorrhages

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28
Q

Tx of CAV-1

A

Supportive care for severe hepatopathy

IVF, FFP for albumin & clotting factors, glucose, decr protein diet, laxative & lacutlose to acidify colon (to change ammonia to ammonium)

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29
Q

Prevention of CAV-1

A

Vx: use MLV for CAV-2 (good cross protection immunity)

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30
Q

Canine Parvovirus (CPV)

A

DNA virus

requires rapidly dividing cells for replication

CPV-2 (most common)

highly contagious, often fatal, vary stable & resistant in environment

younger predisposed (6wks - 6 mos)

Rottweilers

Incubation period 1-5d

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31
Q

CS of CPV

A

GIT:

  • vomiting, diarrhea (yellow→hemorrhagic), anorexia
  • ⇒severe dehydration
  • death in 2 days

BM:

severe leukopenia (lymphopenia)

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32
Q

Dx CPV

A

CS

leukopenia (not all dogs)

fecal ELISA antigen test

fecal PCR

EM of feces

Serology only detect immunity from vaccinated animals

PM pathology: hemorrhagic enteritis, necrosis of crypt epithelium in SI, immunoflourescence

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33
Q

Tx of CPV

A

Restore fluids & electrolytes

Antiemetic agents - metoclopramide, ondansetron, maropitant (not <10wks, better >16wks)

Food, food, food

gastric protectants

WB, plasma, colloids

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34
Q

Prevention of CPV

A

Immunity post infection >20 mos

Vx: MLV

DOI: 3-7y

Virus shed for short time (4-5d)

persists in environment >5mos

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35
Q

Canine Coronavirus (CCV)

A

highly contagious

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36
Q

CS of CCV

A

enteric CV: subclinical to mild diarrhea

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37
Q

Dx of CCV

A

EM of fresh feces

Fecal PCR

serum VN & ELISA

CAN JUMP SPP - ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL!

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38
Q

Tx: CCV

Prevention

A

Supportive

Vx: MLV

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39
Q

Canine Rotavirus

Dx

A

affects <12 wks old

mild diarrhea

Fecal ELISA for rotavirus antigen

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40
Q

Canine Herpes virus

Pathogenesis

A

Cytocidal

not very stable in environment

in utero, passage through birth canal & contact w/ litter mates, oronasal secretions from dam

animal <1wk ⇒ fatal generalised infection

animal >2wks ⇒ mild or inapparent infection

repicates in nasopharynx, genital tract, tonsils, retropharyngeal LN, bronchial LN, conjunctival tissue, occas. lungs

can result in abortions/still births

multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis, DIC & thrombocytopenia

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41
Q

CS CHV

A

Neonates:

Acute death

dull, weight loss, depressed, lose interest in feeding, pass soft stools

petechial hemorrhages

older pups & adults:

mild or inapparant URI

if genital: petechiae, ecchymotic submucosal hemorrhage

vesicles

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42
Q

Dx of CHV

Tx

prevention

A

viral isolation

serology

PCR - most reliable

Unrewarding in neonates - rapidly fatal

Vx

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43
Q

Rabies virus (RV)

A

all warm blooded mammals

bite from infected animal

saliva

USA declared canine - rabies free in 2007

Vx still mandatory

prevalence of RV in wildlife increasing

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44
Q

Pathogen of RV

A

enters peripheral n & ascends sensory or motor fiber

CNS signs develop avg 3-8 wk PI

Cell neccrosis occurs

ascending flaccid paralysis

- to the salivary glands

45
Q

CS of RV

A

Prodromal phase (2-3 days)

  • Apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever
  • Fractious animals become very affectionate

Furious/ psychotic type (1-7 days)

  • Increase response, bite at objects, photophobic, hyperesthetic
  • Restless and roam

Paralytic/ dumb type (1-10 days)

  • Cranial nerve paralysis, hypersalivation, inability to swallow
    • Paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death

Cats sometimes get the paralytic form straight after
the prodromal phase

46
Q

Dx of RV

Tx

Prevention

A

CDC

FA testing

Testing of saliva for virus

Serology - used to document rabies immunisation

PCR

NONE

KV Vx

47
Q

Pseudorabies (PHV-1)

A

DNA virus

aka Aujesky’s dz, mad itch & infectious bulbar paralysis

USA

contaminated PORK products

ingested & incubation 3-6 d

Ascends nerves

48
Q

CS of Pseudorabies in SA

A

Majority dogs develop severe CS

ALWAYS FATAL

self mutilation

trismus, paresis & paralysis of facial mm, difficulty swallowing

aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions

Cats often die w/o neuro signs

49
Q

Dx of pseudorabies

Tx

Prevention

A

CSF : ^^ proteins

Pathology: FA testing for antigen on various tissues (brain, tonsils)

PCR

Futile

keep away from row pork products, vx in endemic areas only

50
Q

Giardia

A

Life cycle: excyst w/ help of gastric acid & panreatic enzymes

attach to brush border of villous epithelium - duodenum to ileum (dogs) & jejunum to ileum (cats)

51
Q

CS of giardia

A

Diarrhea/maldigestion-malabsorbtion

52
Q

Dx of giardia

A

fecal microscopy

identify cysts

fecal ELISA test - antigen in feces

PCR

53
Q

Tx giardia

Prevention

A

Fenbendazole 50mg/kg PO SID x 5 d

decontaminate environment

tx affected animals

clean cysts off coats

prevent re-introduction of infection

54
Q

Cryptosporidium spp

A

fecal-oral route

Oocytes excyst→ sporozoites→ trophozoites which proliferate on microvillous surface of enterocytes

55
Q

CS of Cryptosporidium spp

A

small bowel diarrhea (high vol, low freq) & wt loss

Chronic: tenesmus, hematochezia, abd discomfort

56
Q

Dx of cryptosporidium

A

fecal microscopic exam

concentration techniques

cytological & histologic staining

- modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain

immunostaining

fecal antigen detection by ELISA

PCR

intestinal biopsies

57
Q

Coccidiosis

A

Isospora spp

asexual & sexual stage

in immunosupressed/young animals

diarrhea (neonates)

anorexia, vomiting, depression

58
Q

Dx coccidiosis

Tx

A

fecal flotation

sulfonamides (SMZ/TMP)

Amprolium

Toltrazuril/diclazuril

59
Q

Neospora caninum

A

dogs

mostly affects young puppies

60
Q

CS of Neospora

A

neurological deficits & muscular abnormalities

puppies < 6mos

ascending paralysis (hind> fore)

dogs > 6mos

multifocal CNS involvement

61
Q

Dx neospora

Tx

A

incr. CK, AST

serology:

antibody testing (ELISA, indirect FA, immunoprecipitation)

ck CSF

Trimethoprim sulphonamides 15-20mg/kg BID x 4-8 wks

clindamycin 1-22mg/kg BID 4-8 wks

62
Q

Leishmania spp

A

L. infantum

dogs are reservoir hosts for humans/dogs

sand fly

in utero transmission

63
Q

Pathogen of leishmania

A

Trojan horse transmission through MØ!

promastigotes from sandfly saliva to skin, phagocytosed by MØ, in which they multiply as amastigotes hidden from immune system, cell is lysed and released, travel through hemolymph regions - blood, LN, liver, spleen, BM & skin

64
Q

Dx leishmania

A

NOTIFIABLE CDC!

tissue aspirate (LN 30%, BM 60%)

PCR (most sensitive)

screen blood donors

Serology

IgG levels develop within 2-4 wks

65
Q

Tx leishmania

A

difficult

multi drug therapy needed

66
Q

Hepatozoon spp

A

Hepatozoon americanum

- Amblyomma maculatum vector

severe dz, southern US

young immunocompromised animals

Hepatozoon canis

Rhipicephalus tick, Amblyomma tick vector

incidental, Africa

67
Q

Dx H. americanim

Tx

A

Radiographs - periosteal reaction near mm attachment (good screening test dogs <1 year)

PCR

Blood smear - gametocytes/gamonts in monocytes

NSAIDs for pain

no tx eliminates tissue stage but remission possible

68
Q

Babesiosis

A

Hemoprotozoan parasite that infects erythrocytes

Lg. babesia spp: B. canis, B. rossi (most severe), B. vogeli, 2 unnamed

Sm. babesia: B. gibsoni, B. conrdae, B. microti-like, B. caballi, T. annulata, T. equi

Most common in USA B. vogeli (least pathogenic)

69
Q

Tx of babesiosis - B. vogeli

A

Usually subclinical but can cause hemolytic anemia

Imidocarb dipropionate - IM repeat in 2wks

70
Q

B. gibsoni

CS

Dx

A

50% pitbulls tested in US +

dog fights

CS: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, fever

Blood smear - cannot distinguish spp on smear

PCR

spleen & liver most affected (filter organ)

71
Q
A
72
Q

Bartonella spp

A

B. henselae - most common

warm humid area

5-40% cats in US

fleas - Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

bacteremia more severe in coinfections w/ FeLV, FIV or FPV

intracellular bacteria in erythrocytes (can be extracellular & in tissues)

73
Q

CS bartonella

A

Few develop CS - prdominantlyy subclinical

Lymphadenopathy

Transient fever, lethargy, anorexia

74
Q

Dx bartonella

A

Blood culture - reliable for definitive dx

serology -only indicates exposure

PCR - same sensitivity as blood culture

75
Q

Tx bartonella

A

Enrofloxacin

Doxycycline

Azithromycin

76
Q

Prevention bartonella & PH consideration

A

avoid blood transfusions of cats w/ unk bartonella statue

cat scratch dz - cats ar reservoirs for dz to humans

77
Q

Mycoplasma spp

A

hemotropic mycoplasma

- RBCs, G (-),

Mycoplasma haemofelis:

lg form, anemia likely

Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum:

sm form (common), rarely causes CS unless concurrent infection or immunosuppression

78
Q

Transmission of mycoplasma

A

blood by tranfusion

naturally; arthropod & fleas

horizontal: fighting & saliva

vertical

79
Q

CS of mycoplasma spp

A

hemolytic anemia (2 mechanisms)

  1. immune mediated
  2. hemolysis: intravascular, extravascular

cyclic parasitemia - sample collected close to capillary bed & immediate smear

80
Q

Tx mycoplasma

A

Antibiotics reduce parasitemia but not eliminate organism

Doxy - watch for esophagitis

enrofloxacin - can cause blindness

marbofloxacin

pradofloxacin

prednisolone: to decr erythrophagocytosis in servrly anemic animals

81
Q

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV)

A

feline panleukopenia caused by Fe parvovirus

very stable (>1 yr) in environment

short shedding period

fomites - litter trays, clothing, shoes, hands, food dishes, bedding, infected cages

82
Q

pathogenesis of FPV

A

rapidly dividing cells

lymphoid tissue, BM, intestinal mucosa

initial replication oropharynx < 24h PI

plasma- phase viremia 2-7 days - disseminates all over

lymphoid tissue necrosis

intestinal crypt damage

immunosuppression

coinfections common

in utero infection

cerebellar defects, FPV capable of replicating in neurons

Myocarditis & cardiomyopathy

83
Q

CS of FPV

A

many subclinical

Peracute - dead <12 hrs

Acute - most common

84
Q

Dx of FPV

A

CS & leukopenia

serology - serum VN (if titers rise 4x in paired sample = infection)

fecal viral antigen test - ELISA

viral isolation

PCR (wb, feces, tissues)

85
Q

Tx FPV

A

Symptomatic

parenteral fluids/elctrolytes

anti-emetics

covering antibiotics

Food

86
Q

prevention of FPV

A

MLV Vx

passive immunotherapy - 2ml from high titer cats to kittens s/c or IP

87
Q

Other enteric viruses of cats

A

Canine parvovirus type 2b & 2c: mild disease compared to FPV, tx identical

88
Q

Feline coronavirus (FeCOV)

A

Ubiquitous enteric infections

RNA virus

Few that get infected develop FIP - immune-mediated vasculitis

Different strains of FeCOV exist & higher the load more likely FIP occurs

2 serotypes:

Type 1 - unique feline strain (Most common)

Type 2 - recomb of fe & canine coronavirus

Both can cause FIP

89
Q

Pathogenesis of FeCOV

A

Virus shed in feces 2 days PI

majority clear virus w/i 2-3 mos

90
Q

FeCOV & FIP

A

FeCoV monocytes release:

IL-6, TNF-a, IL-2, Metalloproteinase MMP-9

immune response to FeCoV also plays a role

cell mediatd immune respone - prevents infection

but…

absent CMI & strong humoral response - develops effusive FIP!

intermediate CMI response results in non effusive FIP

91
Q

CS of FeCoV/FIP

A

diarrhea (can be severe), upper resp. tract signs

vomiting, wt. loss

predominantly younger cats - takes months to years to develop

multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis dz

FIP misnomer!

Effusive & non-effusive

both forms are same dz, effusive has more damage to bv resulting in fluid & protein accumulation in body cavities

92
Q

FIP effusive

A

abdominal distension/ascites

bright or dull

mild pyrexia, wt. loss, dyspnea, tachypnea

pallor/icterus

muffled heart sounds/pericardial effusions

abdominal masses palpable (adhesions & enlarged LN)

93
Q

FIP non effusive

A

vague CS

mild pyrexia, wt loss, dullness, depressed appetite

icterus

intraocular lesions:

Iritis

aqueous flare/cloudiness of anterior chamber

keratic precipitates

retinal hemorrhage/detachment

dyspnea/tachypnea

94
Q

Dx FeCoV/FIP

A

histopathology demonstrating vasculitis - gold standard

effusion analysis:

^^ protein, modified transudate

alb:glob <0.45

Rivalta test: + result drop retains shape

immunofluorscent staining for FeCov in macrophages - definitive dx!

^^ Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (high levels aid in dx)

FeCoV antibody titer

RT-PCR - very sensitive, used on effusions (+) is highly suggestive

RT-PCR for mRNA - sensitive & specific but needs specific transport media

Antigen detection in tissues:

immunohistochemistry & direct FA on effusion, cytology (FNA), biopsies

histopathology immunohistochemistry staining is absolute gold standard!

95
Q

Tx for FeCoV/FIP

Prevention

A

No real tx exists

glucocorticoids

good nutrition

Vx: Mutant FeCoV strain, IN, produces CMI response

results in AB protection

Vx does not work in cat incubating dz

Husbandry

96
Q

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

A
  • *worldwide**
  • *, most dz-related deaths**

more CS

Retrovirus, SSRNA, enveloped

Virus need DNA for replication - so incorporates in hosts own DNA

97
Q

virus origin FeLV

prevalence

A

pathogenic: exogenic viruses, FeLV-A, horizontally from cat-cat

non-pathogenic: endogenous virus (inherited), vertical transmission, incr pathogenicity of FeLV-A

FeLV gag (group-associated antegen) gene

Gag protein p27 used as antigen to test for virus

1-8% in free roaming healthy cats

up to 38% if only sick cats included

98
Q

Transmission of FeLV

A

close contact

sallive (predominantly) also blood

horizontal spread predominantly

vertical spread - transplacentally or through nursing

readily inactivated in environment

Pathogenesis:

immune status, age of cat

99
Q

4 stages/types of FeLV infection

A

Abortive infection:

high levels of neutralizing antibodies

Regressive infection:

effective immune response, initially ELISA FeLV-p27 antigen +, virus cleared in 3-6 wks

FeLV incorporated in genome & can be picked up on PCR

Regressive infections can reactivate in preganancy d/t immunosuppression.

Progressive infection:

Virus not contained

immune system not strong

persistently viremic, often die from FeLV related disease withing 3y

Focal or Atypical infection:

virus restricted to certain tissues

100
Q

CS of FeLV

A

hematopoietic malignancy

myelosuppression

infections dz

various co-infections (FIP,FIV), URI, hemotropic mycoplasmosis & stomatitis most common

Fading kitten syndrome

neuropathy

101
Q

Dx of FeLV

A

Direct detction of virus:

ELISA, Direct FA testing - look for p27 antigen

Nucleic acid detction:

used when a rgressive infection is suspected in cats with lymphoma or BM suppressive syndrome or chronically inflamed gingival lesions

Antibody detection:

USELESS as cats immune to FeLV have antibodies! Duh!

102
Q

Tx FeLV

A

FeLV infected cat

  • All cats in household tested
  • if some (-) separate, if can’t then vx
  • Single cats - confine indoors

Vaccinate w/ core vx (FPV, FHV, FCV) - possible need to vx q 6mos

Tumor tx:

Px worse, routine chemotherapy

Hematological disorders:

most are reversible

Antiviral chemotherapy:

Zidovudine (AZT), didanosine

Feline IFN-ω:

fewer CS & survive longer

103
Q

Prevention of FeLV

A

Vx

virus (whole killed virus)
Vaccination does not interfere with testing – unless done within the first few days of vaccination
Does the cat need the vaccination?
Injection site-associated sarcomas
Canarypox vaccine …

104
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

Transmission

A

FIV is a lentivirus, a class of retrovirus

common worldwide (4-24%)

virus in saliva or blood → bites or fights/ wounds
Experimentally all parental routes (i/v, s/c, i/m, i/p)
high concentrations in milk
Transmission from mother to kittens in utero or postpartum is a very rare event
FIV transmission through the mucosal route is rare

105
Q

Pathogenesis of FIV

A

Depends on:

Age, younger cats that get FIV develop clinical signs sooner
FIV virus, some isolate are more pathogenic

virus replication tissues rich in lymphocytes (thymus, spleen, ln)
lymphocytes and macrophages in bm, lung, intestinal tract, brain and kidney
After initial viremia – host mounts a clear antibody response
antibodies are detectable 2 to 4 weeks post infection
asymptomatic period
Plasma levels of virus and viral RNA increase from time to time
Affects both CD+4 and CD8+ cells
Disrupts normal immune function

106
Q

CS of FIV

A
  1. Acute phase
  2. Clinical asymptomatic phase of variable duration
  3. Terminal phase of infection (feline AIDS)
107
Q

Dx of FIV

A

clinicopathology findings: CS non-specific

Antibody testing:

most cats prduce antibodies w/i 60d of exposure

test has high sensitivity

Viral isolation
Repeat ELISA antibody test using another test kit from a different manufacturer
Kittens may have antibodies from their mother up to 6 months of age, these cats should become negative after 6 months
repeat test 60 days after potential exposure
ELISA test can be performed to differentiate FIV vaccinated from FIV cats

ELISA antigen testing

PCR - false (+) possible, PCR not standardised

sensitivity 41-93%

specificity 81-100%

108
Q

Tx of FIV

Prevention

A

AZT (zidovudine)

Immunomodulatory tx

IFN-alpha showed a stimulation of immune system

Identify & segregate infected cats

FIV vx

MY 2016 RUSVM SAM 1 (12 decks)

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