Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEBC > Infectious Diseases (tx options) > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases (tx options) Flashcards

1
Q

Otitis media common pathogens

A

Strep Pneumo. > H.Influenzae. M. Catarhallis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Otitis media first line therapy. (2)

A

Watchful waiting OR Amoxicillin (high/low dose- 40, 75-90) split BID-TID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Otitis media 2nd line therapy. (6) (+ when to use)

A

Symptoms not improve after 3 days : Hi dose amox, amox-clav, cefuroxime, cefprozil, ceftriaxone injection, clindamycine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Streptococcal sore throat common pathogens.

A

Group A strep. (beta hemolytic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Streptococcal sore throat first line therapy

A

Pen VK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Streptococcal sore throat second line therapy. (6)

A

Cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefprozil, cefixime, amoxicillin, cefadroxil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Streptococcal sore throat - pen LRG (4)

A

Clinda, azithro, erythro, clarithro.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute sinusitis common pathogens.

A

Strep Pneumo, H.Flu, (M. Catarrhalis: children) (in adults catarrhalis less common than flu.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute sinusitis first line therapy children. Duration.

A

Amoxicillin HD, or Amox-clav. If Pen allergic: SMP-TMX. X 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acute sinusitis first line therapy adults. Duration.

A

Amoxicillin. If pen LRG: Doxycycline or SMX-TMP. X 10 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CHRONIC sinusitis pathogens.

A

Anaerobes (mostly). Someimes gram (+), (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CHRONIC sinusitis treatment. Duration.

A

Amoxi-clav. Beta lactam LRG - Clindamycin. 3 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute bronchitis common pathogens.

A

90% viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute bronchitis first line therapy.

A

Nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Community acquired pneumonia common pathogens.
Ambulatory
Treated in Hospital
Treated in ICU

A

Ambulatory: Strep. Pneumo > Mycoplasma Pneumo > H.flu
Treated in Hospital: Strep. Pneumo, Chlamydia Pneum (atyp), H. Influenzae, legionella.
Treated in ICU: Strep pneumo, staph aureus, legionella.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Community acquired pneumonia first line therapy:

Outpatient - previously healthy.

A

Outpatient - previously healthy - Macrolide (any) OR Doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Community acquired pneumonia first line therapy:

Outpatient - w/ risk factors.

A

Outpatient - w/ risk factors - (Macrolide (not erythro) + HD amox OR amox-clav) or R. FQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Community acquired pneumonia first line therapy:

Inpatient - ward.

A

Inpatient - ward - Betalactam (IV/PO) + Macrolide (IV/PO) OR R. FQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Community acquired pneumonia first line therapy:

Inpatient - ICU.

A

Inpatient - ICU - Betalactam IV + one of: Macrolide IV OR R.FQ IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Community acquired pneumonia first line therapy:

Inpatient - suspected pseudomonas -

A

Antipseudomonal B-lactam + Cipro OR AG + Macrolide OR AG + Cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Latent TB therapy first line.

Second line.

A

INH daily, or 2x/wk for 9 months

Rifampin daily x 4 months. (if cannot tolerate INH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Active TB drug therapy (4)

A

RIP(+/-)E x 2 months. RI x 4 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

INH resistant TB therapy (5)

A

RPE +/- FQ or streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

RIF resistant TB therapy (5)

A

IPE +/- FQ or streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bacterial meningitis pathogens.

<6 wk

A

6 wk: E.coli, L.monocyogenes, group B strep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bacterial meningitis pathogens.

6 wk- 3mo

A

< 3mo: E.coli, group B strep, Strep. Pneumo, H. Flu, N. Meningitidae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bacterial meningitis pathogens.

3mo - <50

A

> 3mo: Strep pneumo, N.meningitidae, (h.flu - most have vaccine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bacterial meningitis pathogens.

>50 years

A

> 50 years: Strep. Pneumo, N. Meningiditis, L. monocytogenes, E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bacterial Meningitis first line therapy for <6 wk

A

Ampicillin + cefotaxime (ceftriaxone causes hyperbilirubinemia in neonates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Bacterial Meningitis first line therapy for 6 - wk to 3mo

A

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime + Ampicillin + Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Bacterial Meningitis first line therapy for 3mo - 50yr

A

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime + Vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bacterial Meningitis first line therapy for > 50 yr old

A

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime + ampicillin + vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hematogenous osteomyelits typical pathogens

A

Strep, Staph, enteric gram (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis typical pathogens - head neck

A

Staph aureus, anaerobes, gram (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis typical pathogens - Soft tissue spread

A

Staph/strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis typical pathogens - Genitourinary spread

A

Gram (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis typical pathogens - Penetrating wound

A

Pseudomona or Staph Aureus (anti-pseudomonal agent + staph agent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Hematogenous osteomyelits first line therapy.

A

Cloxacillin (or Vanco), +/- Cefotaxime (if suspected gram (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis head neck first line therapy.

A

Clindamycin +/- gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis Soft tissue spread first line therapy.

A

Cloxacillin or Cefazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis Genitourinary spread first line therapy.

A

Fluoroquinolone OR extended spectrum B-lactam (recall only 3rd gen cephs = IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Contiguous osteomyelitis Penetrating wound first line therapy.

A

Adult: Cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Osteomyelits route of therapy. Duration.

A

IV only. Higher dose than normal. 4-6 weeks.

44
Q

Infective endocarditis - most common pathogens.

A

Staph (40%), Strep (20%, Enterococcus (10%)

45
Q

First line therapy for IE -staph.

With Native Valve.

A

Native valve: Cefazolin or Cloxacillin (+/- AG for 3-5 days (time related toxicity)

46
Q

First line therapy for IE -staph.

With replaced Valve.

A

Artificial valve: Cefazolin or Cloxacillin + Rifampin + AG

47
Q

First line therapy for IE -staph. MRSA.

A

MRSA. Vancomycin alone, or Vancomycin + Rifampin + AG respectively.

48
Q

Duration of treatment for Staph

A

6 weeks of therapy, unless uncomlicated, right sided only (2 weeks)

49
Q

First line therapy for IE -strep

With Native Valve.

A

With Native Valve: PenG or Ceftriaxone (x 4wks) OR PenG/Ceftriaxone + AG (x2 wks)

50
Q

First line therapy for IE -strep

With replaced Valve.

A

With replaced Valve: Peng or ceftriaxone (+/- AG depending on resistance) x 6 wks.

51
Q

First line therapy for IE -strep - B-lactam resistance.

A

MRSA: Vancomycin x 4 wks (native valve) or Vanco x 6 wks (artificial valve)

52
Q

Duration of Abic therapt for IE- Strep

A

Duration: 4 wks for native valve, 2 weeks for accelerated AG synergy, 6 wks for artificial valve.

53
Q

First line therapy for IE -Enterococcus

No resistances

A

No resistances: Ampicillin or PenG + Aminoglycoside OR Vancomycin + AG x 4-6 wks.

54
Q

First line therapy for IE -Enterococcus

Resistant to AG

A

Resistant to AG: Ampicillin or PenG + Streptomycin OR Vancomycin + AG

55
Q

First line therapy for IE -Enterococcus

Resistant to penicillin

A

Resistant to penicillin: Vancomycin + Gentamicin.

56
Q

Duration of therapy for IE - Enterococcus.

A

Duration: 2-6 weeks for NON-vanco regimens. 6 Weeks for vanco regimens.

57
Q

Typical pathogens of uncomplicated UTI (1)

A

E.coli (90%)

58
Q

Typical pathogens of pyelonephritis (1)

A

E.Coli (90%)

59
Q

Typical pathogens of Complicated UTI (3)

A

E.coli (50%, Enterococcus (10%), Pseudomonas

60
Q

Typical pathogens of bacterial prostatitis. (3)

A

E.coli, Pseudomonas, Staph aureaus

61
Q

First line therapy of uncomplicated UTI (3)

A

Nitrofurantoin x 5 days, SMX-TMP, TMP. X 3days

62
Q

second line therapy of uncomplicated UTI(2)

A

2nd line: Fluoroquinolone x 3 days. Cephalexin x 7 days.

63
Q

First line therapy of MILD pyelonephritis (1)

A

First line therapy of MILD pyelonephritis- Fluoroquinolone .

64
Q

Second line of MILD pyelonephritis (3)

A

Second line of MILD (3) - Amoxi/clav, SMX-TMP, TMP.

65
Q

First line therapy for Severe pyelonephritis: (2)

A

First line therapy for Severe: (2) - AG +/- ampicillin

66
Q

2nd line for severe pyelonephritis. (3)

A

2nd line for severe. (3) FQ or 3rd gen ceph +/- AG x 10-14 days

67
Q

First line therapy for complicated UTI (mild)

A

FQ PO, TMP-SMX, TMP, Nitrofurantoin.

68
Q

2nd line therapy for complicated UTI (mild)

A

2nd line: Amoxi/clav, cephalexin, cefixime. X 10 -14 days

69
Q

First line therapy for complicated UTI (Severe)

A

First: Aminoglycoside +/- ampicillin

70
Q

Second line therapy for complicated UTI (Severe)

A

2nd: FQ or 3rd gen cephalosporin x 10-14 days

71
Q

First line therapy for acute prostatitis

A

1st: AG +/- Ampicillin (enterococcus?) +/- Cloxacillin (MRSA)

72
Q

Second line therapy for acute prostatitis

A

2nd: FQ or SMX-TMP x 4-6 wks

73
Q

Grey copius frothy discharge.

A

Bacterial vaginosis

74
Q

Fishy odor.

A

Bacterial vaginosis

75
Q

Off-white frothy.

A

Trichomoniasis.

76
Q

Vaginal infections which increase pH .

A

Trichomoniasis or Bacterial

77
Q

Topical metronidazole is OK in which vaginal infection.

A

Baterial only - recall topical clinda + metro only OK for bacterial

78
Q

First line therapy for bacterial vaginosis (3)

A

Metronidazole 500mg BID x 7 days (or 2g single dose)

79
Q

Second line therapy for bacterial vaginosis (1)

A

Topical Metro once daily x 5 day

80
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis: Preferred drug in pregnancy.

A

ORAL Metronidazole. (BV can cause pre term birth - Topicals less effective at preventing this)

81
Q

Trichomoniasis first line therapy:

A

Metronidazole 500mg BID x 7 days (or 2g single dose)

82
Q

VVC- first line therapy.

A

Azoles - fluconazole (oral), clotrimazole, miconazole, (others).

83
Q

Best option in pregnancy for VVC

A

Nystatin x 14 days. Boric acid x 14 days.

84
Q

Chlamydia - first line therapy.(2)

A

Azithromycin 1g single dose or Doxycycline 100mg BID x 7 days

85
Q

Chlamydia - Second line:

A

2nd: Erythromyxin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, AMOXIcillin. X 7 days.

86
Q

Gonorhoea - first line therapy.

A

Ceftriaxone 125mg Im, or cefixime 400mg PO.

87
Q

Gonorhoea - second line. (4)

A

Alt - cirpo, ofloxacin, cefotaximr, spectinomycin. ALL single doses.

88
Q

Syphillis - first line therapy.
Acute latent (1)
Late latent
Neurosyphillis

A

2.4million units PenG. X 1 dose
late latent: 2.4 million units/dose x 1 dose/wk x 3 wks.
Neurosyphillis: 3-4 million units q 4 hours x 10-14 days

89
Q

Syphillis - 2nd line.

A

2nd: Doxy - but consider desensitizing patient.

90
Q

Ano-genital warts - first line therapies. (5)

A

Imiquod, podophyliin, podophyllotoxin, trichloro acetic acid, dichloro acetic acid.

91
Q

Ano-gential warts drug therapy safe in pregnancy. (2)

A

Dichloroacetic acids + liquid nitrogen.

92
Q

Chicken pox - therapy must be started within how many hours.

A

<24 hours.

93
Q

Drug of choice for chicken pox.

A

Acyclovir - but only use in those likely to experience complications (comrobidities or >12 years old)

94
Q

Shingles - therapy must be started within how many hours.

A

<72 hours -

95
Q

First line agents for shingles (3)

A

Famcyclovir - 500mg TID x 7 days
Valacyclovir - 1000mg TID x 7 days
Acyclovir - 800mg 5x/day x 7 days.

96
Q

Herpetic Antiviral medications safe in pregnancy.

A

All are believed to be safe in pregnancy/lactations.

97
Q

Oroloabial herpes first line agents:
Topical agents available:
Suppression (2)

A

Valacyclovir - 2g single oral dose
Acyclovir 400mg 5x/day x 5 days
Famcyclovir - 1.5g single oral dose.
Topical acyclovir - start within 1 hour of sxs - apply 5x/day during waking hours x 4 days.
Suppression: acyclovir 400mg BID or valacyclovir 500mg OD (x 4 months)

98
Q

Genital herpes first line agents: (3)

Supression (3)

A 
Acyclovir 200mg 5x/day x 7-10 days
Famcyclovir 250mg tid x 7-20 days
valacyclovir 1000 BID  x 7-10 days 
Suppression=  acyclovir 200mg 5x/day, valacyclovir 500mg OD, famcyclovir 250mgBID  (x 3-6 mo)
(LESS SEVERE SHINGLES)
99
Q

TD prophylaxis (3)

A

Bismuth subsalicylate qid w/meals. FQ (better to use as tx. Dukoral (ETEC + cholera vaccine)

100
Q

TD treatment
Mild
Moderate
Severe

A

Mild (5 BM/day or blood or fever): antibioitcs + ORT +/- loperamide (if fever - never w/o Abics)

101
Q

TD antibiotics first line:

First line in children:

A

Cipro 500mg BID x 5 days (Not ok in south east asia or india - resistance)
Levo floxacin - 500mg OD
SMX-TMP (only good in mexico in summer due to resistances)
Azithromycin 500mg OD x 3 days (DoC in southeast asia/india.

102
Q 
Appropriateness of the following medications in children for TD:
Bismuth salicylate
Loperamide
SMX-TMP
Azithromycin
FQ's
A 
Reyes
< 3 years not OK
Resistance
Drug of choice!
Cartilage problems.
103
Q

Malaria Prophylaxis algorithm.
If 1st line not an option.
If 2nd line not an option.
If 2nd + pregnant or

A

Chloroquine.
Mefloquine
(seizure/psychiatric hx) –> doxycycline, primaquine, atovaquone-proguanil
(pregnant/ NO for pregnancy. Atovaquone - proguanil for child.
Chloroquine = central america
Mefloquine = south east asia/india

104
Q

Pregnancy drug of choice for malaria prophylaxis

A

Chloroquine.

105
Q

When malaria prophylaxis started/stopped.

A

2 weeks before - continued for 4 weeks after.

106
Q

Which anti-malarial kills hypnzooites.

A

Primaquine

PEBC (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions