Infectious Diseases Lecture Cards

Question 1

6 week old male, fever, decreased feeding x 1 day. What is the ddx

Answer 1

Sepsis, Meningitis, UTI, Pneumonia, Hemolytic Reaction, AOM, Bronchiolitis, Epiglottitis, Croup, Surgical Abdomen, Pyloric Stenosis, Congenital Heart Defect

Question 2

What is the definition of lethargy

Answer 2

Decreased level of consciousness

Question 3

How do you check hydration status on physical exam of a 6 week old

Answer 3

Fontanelles, Mucous membranes, cap refill

Question 4

How do you check for sepsis on physical exam?

Answer 4

Vitals, cap refill, level of consciousness (Worrisome if child isn’t moving to painful stimuli)

Question 5

What does tube 1,2,3,4 collect in an LP

Answer 5

Tube 1 (cell count); Tube 2 (Culture & Gram Stain); Tube 3 (Glucose/Protein); Tube 4 (Cell Count)

Question 6

What does a cell count in tube 1 of an LP show if bacterial? if viral? if normal?

Answer 6

Bacterial (thousands), Viral (100’s), Normal (

Question 7

What does Tube 3 (glucose/protein) of an LP show if bacterial vs viral

Answer 7

Bacterial = extra protein (because more bacteria) and low glucose. Viral = N glucose and N or slightly elevated protein.

Question 8

Do you send a child under the age of 12 months home on po abx? and why?

Answer 8

No because we do not know how well po abx penetrate the kidneys and if they have a kidney abscess it may not cover it.

Question 9

What do you treat UTI in a 6 week old with?

Answer 9

IV Amp IV Gent. Always double cover. 2 -4 days depending on clinical improvement, US etc. Always tx for 7 - 10 days total

Question 10

4 year old with fever, cough, emesis x 48h. What is the differential

Answer 10

Gastro, pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, bacterial tracheitis, sinusitis, URI, flu, asthma, viral pneumonitis.

Question 11

Viral Pneumonitis to older children is like ________ to younger (

Answer 11

bronchiolitis

Question 12

What are the 2 most common causes of labour pneumonia in children

Answer 12

Strep pneumonia, H influenza,

Question 13

What bug should you think is causing a pneumonia if it isn’t responding to treatment and the kid is sick

Answer 13

staph aureus

Question 14

What abx to treat a 4 year old with lobar pneumonia

Answer 14

cefuroxime (could double cover with clinda). No Macrolides for lobar pneumonia

Question 15

15 yo female cough, decreased appetite, malaise x 2 weeks. What is the ddx?

Answer 15

Pneumonia, URI, Mono, Allergies, TB, GERD, HIV, Flu, Lymphoma, PE

Question 16

A CXR that has bilateral infiltrates through all lung fields with no hilar infiltrates and a bat winged appearance is consistent with what?

Answer 16

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 17

What is the treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 17

Macrolides (biaxin, Clarithromycin)