Infectious Diseases (Exam 1) Flashcards
The five pathogens
- Bacteria
- Prions
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa
Single celled, prokaryotic organism that reproduce rapidly, give off toxins, etc.
Bacteria
What state does antibiotics work in bacteria
Planktonic (free flowing) state
Consist of a piece of genetic material housed in a protective coat, like a parasite
Viruses
Diagnosis by ELISA AND PCR
Viruses and Protazoa
Unicellular microbes in an aquatic environment
Protozoa
Single or multi cellular microbe
Fungi
Diagnosis by culture, biopsies, PCR, etc.
treatment?
Fungi
Anti fungals systemically or orally
Infectious abnormally folded protein extremely resistant to heat, radiation and disinfectants; can form holes in the brain
Prions
6 ways pathogens spread
Air, food, water, sexual interactions, skin contact and blood transfusions
Track transmission and control of disease
Epidemiology
Caused; can invade the body
Infectious
Can spread from one to the next
Contagious
Three steps to stop contagiousness
- Break the cycle of transmission
- Kill the infectious agent
- Increase host resistance
Community of microorganisms that consist of multiple species of bacteria that have the ability to cause pathogenic infections in humans; very difficult to eradicate
Biofilm
Formation of biofilm
Starts with planktonic cells latching on to something and accumulate in a big group
Diseases related to biofilm (4)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Otitis media
- Native valve endocarditis
- Periodontitis
Carbohydrates, lipids, humic acid substances, nucleic acids, proteins
Excreted polymeric compounds
Biofilm matrix function
Protection, stabilization, adhesion and nutrition
Released cells per biofilm
How much it disperses in the body, the higher the more dispersant
Ingesting a probiotic, renewable surface modification, permanent surface modification
Selective microbial colonization
Regular basis with cross linked materials and antibacterial agents on a surface
Renewable surface modification
Coat artificial hip with antibacterial agent before putting it in
Permanent surface modification
Passive vaccines
Injection of immunoglobulins, short immunity
Inactivated vaccines
Killed; limited immune response
Attenuated
Large response and reversion to virulence
Subunit vaccines
Components of agent
DNA vaccines
Plasmid containing DNA that codes for desired antigen
Vaccination
Administering an antigen
Active immunity
Produced by one’s own immune system
Passive immunity
Transferred from another human/animal; temporary
Antibody
Protein molecules produced by B lymphocytes to eliminate an antigen
Herd immunity
Relative protection of a population group achieved by reducing or breaking the chains of transmission of an infectious agent because most of the population is resistant from immunization
Which Covid vaccine had the highest efficacy rate?
Pfizer vaccine
The Covid vaccine is a
mRNA vaccine
How are flu vaccines produced?
In embryonated eggs in allantoic fluid
