Infectious Diseases (Exam 1)

Question 1

The five pathogens

Answer 1

1. Bacteria
2. Prions
3. Viruses
4. Fungi
5. Protozoa

Question 2

Single celled, prokaryotic organism that reproduce rapidly, give off toxins, etc.

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

What state does antibiotics work in bacteria

Answer 3

Planktonic (free flowing) state

Question 4

Consist of a piece of genetic material housed in a protective coat, like a parasite

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

Diagnosis by ELISA AND PCR

Answer 5

Viruses and Protazoa

Question 6

Unicellular microbes in an aquatic environment

Answer 6

Protozoa

Question 7

Single or multi cellular microbe

Answer 7

Fungi

Question 8

Diagnosis by culture, biopsies, PCR, etc.
treatment?

Answer 8

Fungi
Anti fungals systemically or orally

Question 9

Infectious abnormally folded protein extremely resistant to heat, radiation and disinfectants; can form holes in the brain

Answer 9

Prions

Question 10

6 ways pathogens spread

Answer 10

Air, food, water, sexual interactions, skin contact and blood transfusions

Question 11

Track transmission and control of disease

Answer 11

Epidemiology

Question 12

Caused; can invade the body

Answer 12

Infectious

Question 13

Can spread from one to the next

Answer 13

Contagious

Question 14

Three steps to stop contagiousness

Answer 14

1. Break the cycle of transmission
2. Kill the infectious agent
3. Increase host resistance

Question 15

Community of microorganisms that consist of multiple species of bacteria that have the ability to cause pathogenic infections in humans; very difficult to eradicate

Answer 15

Biofilm

Question 16

Formation of biofilm

Answer 16

Starts with planktonic cells latching on to something and accumulate in a big group

Question 17

Diseases related to biofilm (4)

Answer 17

1. Cystic fibrosis
2. Otitis media
3. Native valve endocarditis
4. Periodontitis

Question 18

Carbohydrates, lipids, humic acid substances, nucleic acids, proteins

Answer 18

Excreted polymeric compounds

Question 19

Biofilm matrix function

Answer 19

Protection, stabilization, adhesion and nutrition

Question 20

Released cells per biofilm

Answer 20

How much it disperses in the body, the higher the more dispersant

Question 21

Ingesting a probiotic, renewable surface modification, permanent surface modification

Answer 21

Selective microbial colonization

Question 22

Regular basis with cross linked materials and antibacterial agents on a surface

Answer 22

Renewable surface modification

Question 23

Coat artificial hip with antibacterial agent before putting it in

Answer 23

Permanent surface modification

Question 24

Passive vaccines

Answer 24

Injection of immunoglobulins, short immunity

Question 25

Inactivated vaccines

Answer 25

Killed; limited immune response

Question 26

Attenuated

Answer 26

Large response and reversion to virulence

Question 27

Subunit vaccines

Answer 27

Components of agent

Question 28

DNA vaccines

Answer 28

Plasmid containing DNA that codes for desired antigen

Question 29

Vaccination

Answer 29

Administering an antigen

Question 30

Active immunity

Answer 30

Produced by one’s own immune system

Question 31

Passive immunity

Answer 31

Transferred from another human/animal; temporary

Question 32

Antibody

Answer 32

Protein molecules produced by B lymphocytes to eliminate an antigen

Question 33

Herd immunity

Answer 33

Relative protection of a population group achieved by reducing or breaking the chains of transmission of an infectious agent because most of the population is resistant from immunization

Question 34

Which Covid vaccine had the highest efficacy rate?

Answer 34

Pfizer vaccine

Question 35

The Covid vaccine is a

Answer 35

mRNA vaccine

Question 36

How are flu vaccines produced?

Answer 36

In embryonated eggs in allantoic fluid