Infectious diseases Flashcards
What is the incubation period for Measles?
8-12 days
What are the complications of Measles?
- OM
- Pneumonia (most fatal)
- Croup
- Diarrhea
- Hepatitis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Encephalitis
Which vitamin is helpful for patients currently suffering from measles infection?
Vitamin A
A 4 y/o child is brought into the clinic with his mother. She says her son has had a fever, cough, and runny nose for a few days. On PE, you find a febrile boy, with red dots on his buccal mucosa. He also has what looks like conjunctivitis. Based on this, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Measles (Rubeola)
What infection the HH3 virus responsible for?
Varicella virus/chicken pox
How is the Varicella virus spread?
by direct contact or exposure airborne infection
What is the general presentation of Varicella virus?
- Prodromal malaise
- Pharyngitis
- Rhinitis
- RASH: “dewdrop on a rose petal”
When is Acyclovir indicated as tx for a Varicella infection?
Within 24 hr onset of sxs
Which virus is the cause of Hand, Foot and Mouth?
Coxakievirus* A16 and Enterovirus 71
How is Hand, Foot and Mouth transmitted?
- Oral secretions
- Fecal-oral route
- Some vertical transfer
How will a Hand, Foot and Mouth patient present?
Most will have a 12Hr prodrome of fever,
- Malaise,
- Cough,
- Reduced appetite/dehydration,
- Abdominal pain
- Myalgia
- Sore mouth/throat
- Vesicles on buccal mucosa, palms of hands, and soles of feet***
What is the best tx for a Hand, Foot and Mouth infected patient?
Supportive therapy: Tylenol/Ibuprofen, possible viscous lidocaine 2% solution
What is the Togavirus responsible for?
Rubella
How is the Togavirus spread? And when is the virus shed?
- Nasopharyngeal secretions or direct contact
- the patients spread the virus for 1 week before and 2 weeks after the onset
When would you expect the rash of a Togavirus to appear ?
14-17 days after exposure
What is the clinical picture of the prodrome of the Togavirus/Rubella?
low grade fever, headache, sore throat, conjunctivitis, rhinorrhea, cough, lymphadenopathy
If a patient is suspected to have Rubella, what is the exanthem expected to look like?
pruritic, pink to red macules and papules begin on the face and spread to the trunk over 24 HRS
- 20% have petechial lesions on the soft palate
- lasts 2-3 days
How is Rubella diagnosed?
Serology testing for Rubella IgM
What is the best tx for Rubella infection?
PREVENTION: MMR vaccine
CANNOT GIVE TO PREGNANT MOTHERS
If a pregnant lady were to receive the Rubella vaccine, what complications could occur in her child?
- Mental retardation
- Eye abnormalities
- Sensorineural deafness
- Congenital Heart Disease
What are the more common complications with the Rubella infection?
- Encephalitis
2. Thrombocytopenia
What is a common culprit in febrile seizures?
Roseola Infantatum (aka 6th disease)
What is the cause of Roseola Infantatum (aka 6th disease) ?
HH6 virus
Which viral exanthem appears AFTER the fever has subsided?
Roseola Infantatum (aka 6th disease)
What are the 3 complications of Mumps to counsel parents on?
- Orchitis
- Hepatitis
- Pancreatitis
A child has a “slapped cheek” appearance along with a lacy, maculopapular, evanescent, rash on trunk and limbs. The child is complaining of a headache and pruritic palms and soles. How would you diagnose this patient?
IgM serology
A child has a “slapped cheek” appearance along with a lacy, maculopapular, evanescent, rash on trunk and limbs. The child is complaining of a headache and pruritic palms and soles. How would you diagnose this patient?
Erythema Infectuosum (5th disease)
A child has a “slapped cheek” appearance along with a lacy, maculopapular, evanescent, rash on trunk and limbs. The child is complaining of a headache and pruritic palms and soles. What is the best treatment for this patient?
- Supportive care
- NSAIDS
- There is no antiviral therapy or immunization***
Acyclovir is tx for which viral disease?
Herpes Simplex
How would a child with a Herpes Simplex present?
Encephalitis and Meningitis
- flu-like prodrome
- HA
- fever
- behavioral changes
- seizures
- coma
- temporal lobe damage
- High mortality when left untreated
What is the incubation period of Erythema infectiosum?
4-14 days
How is Erythema infectious transmitted?
- respiratory secretions
- saliva
- placenta
- blood products
What is the cause of Erythema infectiosum?
Parvovirus B19
-affects the erythroid precursor cells
What does HH4 virus cause?
Epstein Barr Virus
What age does the HH4/EBV viral usually target?
12-19 y/o
How is HH4/EBV virus transmitted?
- Saliva
- Genital secretions
What virus has the incubation period of 30-50 days?
Epstein Barr Virus/HH4
A child is seen with fever, fatigue, sore throat, malaise and anorexia. On PE, you note posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and petechial rash. What is the best way to diagnose this patient?
Monospot test
A child is seen with fever, fatigue, sore throat, malaise and anorexia. On PE, you note posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and petechial rash. What other lab findings are associated with the diagnosis of this patient?
- Granulocytopenia
- Lymphocytic leykocytosis (atypical lymphs)
- Secondary hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
A child is seen with fever, fatigue, sore throat, malaise and anorexia. On PE, you note posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and petechial rash.What is the best treatment for this patient?
95% recover without therapy
NSAIDS and salt water gargles
What is the most common intestinal parasite in the world?
Enterobius vermicularis
What is the tx of Pertussis?
Macrolide:
- erythromycin (gut problems)
- Azithromycin*
- Clindamycin (causes metallic taste and GI problems)
Which infectious disease is Bordet-Gengou agar useful?
B. pertussis
What age group does B. pertussis target 50% of the time?
Under age 2
Is B. pertussis Gram (+) or (-) ?
Gram negative (-)
