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Pediatric Rotation > Developmental/Neuro > Flashcards

Developmental/Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the GROSS motor 2 month milestones?

A
  1. Lifts head to 45 degree angle
  2. Equal movements
  3. Can hold head up and begin to push when lying on tummy
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2
Q

What are the FINE motor 2 month milestones?

A
  1. Follow past midline

2. Makes smoother movements with arms and legs

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3
Q

What are the language 2 month milestones?

A
  1. Coos
  2. Makes gurgling sounds
  3. Turns head towards sounds
  4. Squeals, laughs, responds to bell
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4
Q

What are the GROSS motor 4 month milestones?

A
  1. Rolls over front to back
  2. Bears weight on legs
  3. Sits with support
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5
Q

What are the FINE motor 4 month milestones?

A
  1. Brings hand to mouth

2. Grasps objects

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6
Q

What are the language 4 month milestones?

A
  1. Babbles with expression and copies sounds he hears

2. Begins to babble/makes raspberry sounds

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7
Q

What are the gross motor 6 month milestones?

A
  1. Rolls over in both directions

2. Begins to sit without support

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8
Q

What are the fine motor 6 month milestones?

A
  1. Brings hand to mouth
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9
Q

What are the language 6 month milestones?

A
  1. Responds to sounds by making sounds

2. Begins to say consonants “ma ma; da da”

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10
Q

What are the GROSS motor 9 month milestones?

A
  1. Pulls to stand

2. Crawl

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11
Q

What are the FINE motor 9 month milestones?

A
  1. Thumb/finger grasp–immature pincer
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12
Q

What are the language 9 month milestones?

A
  1. Understands “no”
  2. Makes a lot of different sounds
  3. Uses fingers to point
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13
Q

What are the GROSS motor 12 month milestones?

A
  1. Pulls up to stand, walks holding on to furniture

2. May stand alone

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14
Q

What are the FINE motor 12 month milestones?

A
  1. STARTS to scribble

2. Mature pincer

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15
Q

What are the language 12 month milestones?

A
  1. Uses simple gestures, like shaking head “no” or waving “bye bye”
  2. Says “mama” and “dada” and “uh oh”
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16
Q

What are the GROSS motor 18 month milestones?

A
  1. Walks alone
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17
Q

What are the FINE motor 18 month milestones?

A
  1. Can help undress
  2. Drinks from a cup
  3. Eats with a spoon
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18
Q

What are the language 18 month milestones?

A
  1. Says 4-20 single words
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19
Q

What are the GROSS motor 24 month milestones?

A
  1. Walks up and down stairs holding on
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20
Q

What are the FINE motor 24 month milestones?

A
  1. Makes or copies straight lines and circles
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21
Q

What are the language 24 month milestones?

A
  1. Points to things or pictures when they are named
  2. Knows the names of familiar people and body parts
  3. Says sentences with 2-4 words
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22
Q

What are the GROSS motor 36 month/3 year milestones?

A
  1. Walks up and down stairs one foot on each step
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23
Q

What are the FINE motor 36 month/3 year milestones?

A
  1. Copy circle
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24
Q

What are the language 36 month/3 year milestones?

A
  1. Says name, age, and sex

2. Talks well enough for stranger to understand most of the time

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25
Q

What are the GROSS motor 4 year milestones?

A
  1. Hops and stands
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26
Q

What are the FINE motor 4 year milestones?

A
  1. Scribbles*

2. Able to draw a circle

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27
Q

What are the language 4 year milestones?

A
  1. Can say first and last name

2. Knows basic grammar

28
Q

What is abnormal language for a 4 year old?

A
  1. Doesn’t use “me” and “you” correctly

2. Doesn’t understand same vs different

29
Q

What is normal speech for a 5 year old?

A
  1. Says name and address

2. Speaks clearly

30
Q

What vaccines are given at 11 years old?

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. TDAP
  3. Influenza
31
Q

What are the contraindications for vaccines?

A
  1. Egg allergies
  2. Encephalopathy within 7 days of TDAP
  3. Live vaccines in pregnant and immunocompromised
  4. Severely ill/ fever higher than 99 degrees
32
Q

When does teething begin?

A

Begins 4-7 months

33
Q

When do children start losing their teeth?

A

Around 7 years old (1st or 2nd grade)

34
Q

After losing their teeth, when do the new permanents come in?

A

4-6 months later

35
Q

What is the MC neurologic disorder of infants and young children?

A

Febrile seizures

36
Q

What are Febrile seizures?

A

generalized seizures lasting less than 15 min and not recurring within 24 hr period WHILE having a temperature HIGHER than 100.4

37
Q

What group of people does Febrile seizures affect most?

A

< 6 mo but >5 y/o

38
Q

How do you manage Febrile seizures?

A

Manage the fever with Ibuprofen and Acetomentophen

39
Q

Which infectious diseases are most often associated with with Febrile seizures?

A
  1. HH6 (Roseola Infantatum)

2. Influenza

40
Q

First time seizures warrant which diagnostic studies?

A
  1. Head CT
  2. EEG
  3. Serial neuro exams
41
Q

What is the preferred tx for seizures?

A
  1. Levetiracetam (Keppra)
42
Q

Which seizure tx can cause hepatoxicity?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

43
Q

Which seizure tx can cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

44
Q

Which seizure tx can cause thrombocytopenia?

A

Valproic acid (Depakote)

45
Q

Which seizure has a sudden loss of consciousness w/o aura; along with +/- biting; incontinence, and is usually followed by an octal phase with decreased LOC?

A

Tonic Conic seizures

46
Q

Explain the TONIC phase of Tonic Clonic seizures.

A

Rigidity

Respiration stops; lasts < 1 min

47
Q

Explain the CLONIC phase of Tonic Clonic seizures.

A

Jerking, lasts 2-3 min, followed by flaccid LOC

48
Q

Which seizure has a sudden loss of consciousness with no loss of postural tone; where the child looks confused and withdrawn; the child may stare with only a twitching of the eyes and unresponsive; the seizure stops abruptly with no postictal phase?

A

Absence; Petit Mal

49
Q

What is the difference between a partial and complex seizure?

A

Partial: remain localized and consciousness/mentation are not affected

Complex: cause a loss of consciousness or alteration in mentation

50
Q

How does a Partial seizure present?

A
  1. Activity and thus sxs DO NOT CROSS the midline
  2. Unilateral tonic-clonic movements
  3. Sensory hallucinations (paresthesias and numbness)
  4. Visual distortions
  5. Olfactory or gustatory hallucinations
51
Q

How does a Complex-partial seizure present?

A
  1. Activity does cross midline
  2. Automatisms
  3. Visceral sxs (“butterflies” in the tummy)
  4. Hallucinations
  5. Affective sxs (fear, paranoia, depression, elation/ecstasy)
52
Q

What is the tx for Status Epilepticus?

A

Tx must begin w/in 5-10 min of activity
Intubate
Manage glucose level

Diazepam/lorazepam/Phenytoin/Keppra/Valproic acid/ and stat neurology consult

53
Q

What is the treatment of Meningitis?

A

Neonate: Ampicillin and Gentamicin

> 1 month: Vancomycin and Rocephin

*Can also give Dexamethasone, esp in Hib meningitis

54
Q

What special tests are used during PE for Meningitis?

A

Kernig and Brudzinski’s

<5% of kids have +

55
Q

How do you diagnose Meningitis?

A

LP

-should be drawn before abx have been started

56
Q

Petechiae and pupura are presenting sxs of which meningitis?

A

Meningococcal meningitis

57
Q

What is the most common bacterial pathogen for neonates?

A

GBS and Gram negative entero-bacilli

58
Q

What is the most common bacterial pathogen for infants and young children?

A

S. pneumo
N. meningitis
HiB

59
Q

What is the most common bacterial pathogen for children >5 y/o?

A

S. pneumo

N. meningitis

60
Q

how would an infant present with meningitis?

A
  1. Fever only
  2. Irritability
  3. Lethargy
  4. Difficulty feeding
  5. Apnea
  6. Seizures
  7. Bulging fontanelle
  8. Non-specific rash
61
Q

How many chromosomes do Down’s syndrome patients possess?

A

47

62
Q

How much are Down’s patients developmentally delayed?

A

3-6 months

63
Q

How is screening done for Down’s patients?

A

Triple screening at 15-20 weeks

U/S for Nuchal translucency at 11-13 weeks

64
Q

What genetic defect occurs in Turner’s patients?

A

Females with only one X (45X)

65
Q

A female patient with a broad, webbed neck with short stature and a wide chest enters the office. You notice multiple nevi as well while obtaining the hx. Her complaint is amenorrhea. Based on this, what is your diagnosis?

A

Turners syndrome

66
Q

A female patient with a broad, webbed neck with short stature and a wide chest enters the office. You notice multiple nevi as well while obtaining the hx. Her complaint is amenorrhea. Based on this, what is the best management?

A

Growth hormone
Estrogen therapy
Counseling

Pediatric Rotation (7 decks)

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