Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Meningitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the membranes of brain and spinal cord

Etiology: bacterial (more rapid) or viral
Medical: treat infection and maintain fluid/ electrolyte
PT: bed positioning, PROM, skin care, safety with confusion

Question 2

Encephalitis

Answer 2

Severe infection and inflammation of the brain

Etiology: bacterial or viral, prion
Medical: treat infection
PT: supportive symptomatic therapy

Question 3

Brain abscess

Answer 3

Collection of pyogenic material in brain parenchyma, can be an extension of an infection.

Signs/ Symptoms: HA, fever, brainstem compression, CNII and VI
Medical: treat infection, surgical intervention
PT: supportive therapy.

Question 4

Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS)

Answer 4

Viral, characterized by acquired and severe depression of cell-mediated immunity.

Symptoms (1/3 have CNS/PNS deficits)

• AIDS dementia complex: confusion, memory loss to disorientation
• Motor: ataxia, weakness, tremor, loss of fine motor
• Peripheral neuropathy: hypersensitivity to, pain, sensation loss

Medical: anti-HIV drugs
PT: Palliative and supportive therapy