Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Cell wall disruption

Penicillin (narrow)
Amoxicillin (broad)

Answer 1

Use: pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, pharyngitis, syphilis

SE: MOST COMMON ALLERGY (macrolide)
Hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, N/V/D
Avoid cephalosporins if allergy

Nurse: cheap and effective. Take on empty stomach with H2O

Question 2

Cell wall disruption

Cephalosporins 
1st = cephalexin 
2nd = cefactor 
3rd = ceftriaxone (BBB CNS)
4th = cefapime (BBB +/-)

Answer 2

Use: broad = UTI, post-op infections, pelvic infections, meningitis

SE: bleeding, painful IM injection

Watch: PCN allergy

Question 3

Cell wall disruption

Vancomycin

Answer 3

Use: SERIOUS INFECTIONS like C.diff and MRSA

SE: ototoxicity (w/ loop diuretic)
Red Man Syndrome (rash, tacky, hypotension)
Admin slow over 1-2 hrs

Watch: allergy to corn. Check plasma levels and renal!!

Question 4

Protein Synthesis Disruption

Tetracycline
Doxycycline

Answer 4

Use: bacteriostatic
ACNE, Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever
Chlamydia, pneumonia, anthrax, Lyme’s disease

SE: GI irritant. YELLOW TEETH = NO PREG
Supra-infections, Photosensitivity

Med: milk, Ca, Fe, magnesium, antacids, BC oral

Nurse: watch for diarrhea

Question 5

Protein synthesis disruption

Erythromycin (z-pac)

Answer 5

Use: PRIMARY FOR PCN ALLERGY
PRIMARY: pertussis, diphtheria, chlamydia, pneumonia, respiratory infection

SE: N/V, epigastric pain, dysrhythmias

Watch: liver and heart pt. (Above reason)

Question 6

Protein synthesis disruption

Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Neomycin

Answer 6

Use: DOC for gram -
E. Coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas

PO: before bowel surgery or tapeworm
Topical: local infections of eye, ear, skin

Question 7

Protein synthesis disruption

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 7

Use: alternate for parenteral antibiotics
Respiratory/GI infections, UTI, bone, anthrax prevention

SE: N/V/ abdominal pain

• ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE
• Increased C. diff risk!
• Phototoxicity
• Supra-infection (oral/vag candidas)
• No kids under 18 yrs

Question 8

UTI Infections

Sulfonamides (bacteriostatic)

Short= sufisoxozole
Medium= trimethoprim (MAIN ONE)
X-long= sulfadoxine

Answer 8

Use: UTI (E. coli), C. trachomatis

Watch: Renal pt(Cr clearance <15)

• photosensitivity
• I&O
• increase fluids

Med: warfarin, Dilantin, ACE, ARB

1 day, 3 day, or 7 day course of Tx

Question 9

Anti-TB/ Protozoals

metronidazole (Flagyl)

Answer 9

Use: Anaerobic infections (C. diff, Gardnerella)
-combo with tetra/bismuth (H. pylori)

SE: N/V, dry mouth, METALLIC TASTE
dark urine, numbness, ataxia

Question 10

Anti-TB

Isoniazid
Rifampin

4 Drug Regimen

2 month= active
4 month= latent

Answer 10

Use: TB

SE: discolor of sweat/mucous membranes

• hepatoxicity (NO ALCOHOL)
• hyperglycemia
• COMPLIANCE IS HUGE!

Question 11

Anti-fungals

amphotericin B

Answer 11

Use: cryptoccosis, blastomycosis

IV ONLY - daily

SE: infusion reaction common (chills, fever, N)

• bone suppression
• nephrotoxicity = HIGH IN ALL PTS.

HIGHLY TOXIC = LAST RESORT LIFE THREAT
2-4 hr infusion

Question 12

Anti-fungal

ketoconazole

Answer 12

Use: candida (yeast)

SE: sex hormone changes

• hepatotoxicity
• NO GERD

Question 13

Anti-fungals

fluconazole

Answer 13

Use: vaginal candida

USUALLY ONE TIME USE (maybe again after 10 days)

Question 14

Anti-fungals

miconazole (Monistat)

Answer 14

Use: vaginal candidas

Has applicator, apply at bedtime for 7 days

Question 15

Anti-fungals

clortrimazole

Answer 15

Use: superficial fungal infection
(breast, feet, etc.)

Powder/Cream forms

Non-systemic!