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IM Board Correlates > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria: Most important parasitic disease in man

A

Malaria

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2
Q

Malaria: 72 hour cycle

A

P. Malariae

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3
Q

Malaria: Only Malignant Tertian

A

P. Falciparum

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4
Q

Malaria: RBC Preference: All ages

A

P. Falciparum

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5
Q

Malaria: RBC Preference: Old

A

P. Malariae

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6
Q

Malaria: Highest Parasitemia

A

P. Falciparum

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7
Q

Malaria: Lowest Parasitemia

A

P. Malariae

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8
Q

Malaria: 0 Merozoites

A

P. Falciparum

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9
Q

Malaria: Banana-Shaped Gametocytes

A

P. Falciparum

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10
Q

Malaria: Large & Round Gametocytes

A

P. Vivax

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11
Q

Malaria: Compact Gametocytes

A

P. Malariae

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12
Q

Malaria: Small & Round Gametocytes

A

P. Ovale

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13
Q

Malaria: Recrudescence

A

P. Falciparum & P. Malariae

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14
Q

Malaria: Relapse

A

P. Vivax & P. Ovale

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15
Q

Malaria: Prone to Drug Resistance

A

P. Falciparum

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16
Q

Malaria: Recurrence of symptoms after 2-4 week abatement

A

Recrudescence

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17
Q

Malaria: Return of disease after apparent cessation (1-6 months) due to reactivation of hypnozoites

A

Relapse

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18
Q

Malaria: Screen for presence of Malarial organisms

A

Thick smears

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19
Q

Malaria: Species identificaction

A

Thin smears

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20
Q

Malaria: Highest yield of thick and thin smears (Timing)

A

During fever or 2-3 hours after peak

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21
Q

Malaria: What do you call the Punctate granulation present in RBCs invaded by P. Ovale and P. Vivax

A

Schuffner dots

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22
Q

Malaria: Coarse granulations present in RBCs invaded by P. Falciparum

A

Maurer dots

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23
Q

Malaria: Fine dots present in RBCs invaded by P. Malariae

A

Ziemann dots

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24
Q

Malaria: Malarial or Durck granulomas

A

Cerebral Malaria

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25
Q

Malaria: Acute Renal Failure in Malaria

A

Blackwater Fever

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26
Q

Malaria: Septic Shock in Malaria

A

Algid Malaria

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27
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Palawan?

A

Yes

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28
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Mindoro?

A

No

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29
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Cebu?

A

No

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30
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Quezon?

A

No

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31
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Abra?

A

No

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32
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Kalinga?

A

Yes

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33
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Apayao?

A

Yes

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34
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Nueva Ecija?

A

No

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35
Q

Malaria: Endemic: Agusal Del Sur?

A

Yes

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36
Q

Malaria: Endemic Provinces?

A

Palawan, Kalinga, Apayao, Ifugao, Agusan del Sur

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37
Q

Typhoid Fever: Stepwise Fever, Relative Bradycardia, Bacteremia, Anorexia, Malaise

A

Week 1

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38
Q

Typhoid Fever: Abdominal Symptoms, Rose Spots, Jaundice, Hepatosplenomegaly

A

Week 2

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39
Q

Typhoid Fever: Bleeding, Ileitis, Pneumonia

A

Week 3

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40
Q

Typhoid Fever: Recovery or Death

A

Week 4

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41
Q

Typhoid Fever: Week 1

A

Blood

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42
Q

Typhoid Fever: Week 2

A

Urine

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43
Q

Typhoid Fever: Rose Spots

A

Week 2

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44
Q

Typhoid Fever: Stool

A

Week 3

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45
Q

Typhoid Fever: Week 4

A

Bone Marrow (Always)

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46
Q

Typhoid Fever: Incubation period of Typhoid

A

5-21 days

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47
Q

Typhoid Fever: Week of Complications (Typhoid)

A

Week 3

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48
Q

Typhoid Fever: Antibiotics used in the Philippines

A

Ceftriaxone (resistant), Quinolones (susceptible)

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49
Q

Typhoid Fever: Eradice Salmonella carriage in the GB

A

Ampicillin

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50
Q

Leptospirosis : Most severe form

A

Weil Syndrome

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51
Q

Leptospirosis: Most common cause of death

A

Massive Pulmonary Hemorrhage

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52
Q

Schistosomiasis: Penetrates Skin

A

S. Japonicum

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53
Q

Schistosomiasis: Affects Liver

A

S. Japonicum, C. Sinensis

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54
Q

Schistosomiasis: Affects Lung

A

P. Westermani

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55
Q

Schistosomiasis: Raw Crab Ingestion

A

P. Westermani

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56
Q

Schistosomiasis: Raw Fish Ingestion

A

C. Sinensis

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57
Q

Schistosomiasis: Intermediate Host: S. Japonicum

A

Snail

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58
Q

Schistosomiasis: Intermediate Host: P. Westermani

A

Snail and Crab

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59
Q

Schistosomiasis: Intermediate Host: C. Sinensis

A

Snail and Fish

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60
Q

Schistosomiasis: Treatment

A

Praziquantel

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61
Q

Schistosomiasis: Systemic Hypersenstivity in Schistosomiasis

A

Katayama Fever

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62
Q

Schistosomiasis: Resembles Serum Sickness

A

Katayama Fever

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63
Q

Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Sorsogon

A

Yes

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64
Q

Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Samar

A

Yes

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65
Q

Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Leyte

A

Yes

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66
Q

Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Occidental Mindoro

A

No

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67
Q

Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Oriental Mindoro

A

Yes

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68
Q

Schistosomiasis: All of Mindanao Except

A

Misamis Oriental

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69
Q

Anaerobic, Gram-Positive, Spore-Forming Rod

A

C. Tetani

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70
Q

Resembles a Tennis Racket

A

C. Tetani

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71
Q

Negri Bodies

A

Rabies

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72
Q

Rabies Fatality

A

Early Brainstem Dysfunction

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73
Q

Presence of Microbes or Toxins in Blood

A

Septicemia

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74
Q

2 or more of the ff: Fever, Tachypnea, Tachycardia, Leukocytosis

A

SIRS

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75
Q

SIRS + Positive Blood Culture

A

Sepsis

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76
Q

Sepsis with hypotension despite ADEQUATE fluid resuscitation

A

Septic Shock

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77
Q

Sepsis that does not respont to fluids or pressors

A

Refractory Septic Shock

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78
Q

Dysfunction of more than one organ, requiring interention to maintain homeostasis

A

MODS

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79
Q

SIRS Criteria: Fever

A

> 38 or

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80
Q

SIRS Criteria: Tachypnea

A

> 24

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81
Q

SIRS Criteria: Tachycardia

A

> 90

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82
Q

SIRS Criteria: Leukocytosis

A

> 12 or 10% Bands

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83
Q

Vancomycin

A

Bactericidal

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84
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Bactericidal

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85
Q

Penicillins

A

Bactericidal

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86
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Bactericidal

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87
Q

Metronidazole

A

Bacteriostatic

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88
Q

Erythromycin

A

Bacteriostatic

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89
Q

Clindamycin

A

Bacteriostatic

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90
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Bacteriostatic

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91
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Bacteriostatic

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92
Q

Tetracycline

A

Bacteriostatic

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93
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Bacteriostatic

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94
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Bacteriostatic

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95
Q

Static + Static

A

Cidal

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96
Q

Side Effect: Pen G

A

Hypersensitivity

97
Q

Side Effect: Methicillin

A

Interstitial Nephritis

98
Q

Side Effect: Ampicillin

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis

99
Q

Side Effect: Ticarcillin/Piperacillin/Cabenicillin

A

Hypertension, Hypervolemia, Bleeding

100
Q

Drug Class: Methicillin

A

Penicillinase-Resistant

101
Q

Drug Class: Ampicillin

A

Extended Spectrum

102
Q

Drug Class: Pen G

A

Narrow Spectrum

103
Q

Drug Class: Anti-pseudomonal

A

Ticarcillin/Piperacillin/Cabenicillin

104
Q

Nafcillin

A

Staph Infections

105
Q

Pen V

A

Oral (Vunganga)

106
Q

Killed by Amoxicillin

A

H. Influenzae, E. Coli, L. Monocytogenes, P. Mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterococci (HELPS E)

107
Q

Most effective Cephalosporin against Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

108
Q

Best Penetrance to BBB

A

Ceftriaxone

109
Q

Disulfiram Reaction

A

Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefmetazole, Cefotetan

110
Q

High Bone Penetration

111
Q

Surgical Prophylaxis

112
Q

1st Gen. Cephalosporin Coverage

A

KEPs (Klebsiella, E. Coli, Proteus)

113
Q

2nd Gen. Cephalosporin Coverage

A

HEN has KEPs (KEPs + H. Influenza, Enterobacter Aerogenes Neisseria)

114
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal

A

Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefoperazone

115
Q

Side Effect: Chloramphenicol

A

Gray Baby Syndrome, Aplastic Anemia

116
Q

Side Effect: Tetracycline

A

Tooth Enamel Discoloration, Photosensitivity

117
Q

Side Effect: Erythromycin

A

Diarrhea, Cholestatic Jaundice

118
Q

Side Effect: Clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis

119
Q

DOC for Vancomycin Resistance

120
Q

DOC for Resistant Gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

121
Q

Prototype Aminoglycoside, 30s

A

Gentamicin

122
Q

Aminoglycoside: Ocular Infections

A

Tobramycin

123
Q

Aminoglycoside: Widest spectrum of activity, Narrow Therapeutic Window

124
Q

Tx of Hepatic Encephalopathy

125
Q

Important Points on Aminoglycosides

A

Requires O2, Doesn’t work in Anaerobic conditions

126
Q

Sulfamethoxazole: MOA

A

Blocks Dihydropteroate Synthase

127
Q

Trimethoprim: MOA

A

Blocks Dihydrofolate Reductase

128
Q

Side Effect: TMP-SMX

A

SJS, TEN, Kernicterus

129
Q

Side Effect: Ciprofloxacin

A

Tendinitis

130
Q

Anaerobic Coverage: Quinolones

A

Moxifloxacin (Also for ocular infections)

131
Q

Side Effect: Gatifloxacin

A

Diabetes Mellitus

132
Q

Respiratory Quinolone

A

Levofloxacin

133
Q

UTI and GIT Infections (Quinolone)

A

Ciprofloxacin

134
Q

Isoniazid: MOA

A

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

135
Q

Rifampicin: MOA

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

136
Q

Ethambutol: MOA

A

Inhibits arabinoglactan synthesis

137
Q

Static but Cidal on actively dividing MTB

A

Pyrazinamide (Most Hepatotoxic)

138
Q

Side Effect: Streptomycin

A

Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic

139
Q

Potent CYP450 Inhibitor (Anti-TB Drug)

140
Q

Side Effect: Drug-Induced Lupus

141
Q

Side Effect: Red-Orange Urine

A

Rifampicin

142
Q

Potent CYP450 Inducer (Anti-TB Drug)

A

Rifampicin

143
Q

Dapsone: MOA

A

Inhibits Folate Synthesis

144
Q

Side Effect: Dapsone

A

Methemoglobinemia

145
Q

Delays Onset of Dapsone Resistance

A

Rifampicin

146
Q

Side Effect: Clofazimine

A

Skin Discoloration

147
Q

Most Active Drug Against M. Leprae

148
Q

Silver bullet against gram negative bacteria (Anti-Pseudomonal)

149
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor

A

Clavulanc Acid

150
Q

Side Effect: Metronidazole

A

Disulfiram reaction, metallic taste, CNS toxicity

151
Q

Side Effect: Nitrofurantoin

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis (UTI treatment)

152
Q

Drugs of Last Resort

A

Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Streptogramins, Vancomycin (I AM your Last Shot at Victory)

153
Q

Antifungal: Most Efficacious

A

Amphotericin B (Side Effect: Nephrotoxic)

154
Q

Antifungal: Treatment of Dermatophyton

A

Ketoconazole (Side Effect: Gynecomastia, CYP450 inhibitor)

155
Q

Antifungal: Treatment and Prophylaxis of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis

A

Fluconazole

156
Q

Griseofulvin: MOA

A

Interferes with fungal microtubules

157
Q

Nystatin: Use

A

Candidiasis (Swish and Swallow or Suppository)

158
Q

Treatment of HSV and VZV

A

Acyclovir (Side effect: Crystalluria)

159
Q

CMV Treatment

A

Ganciclovir

160
Q

Requires activation by Thymidine Kinase

A

Acyclovir, Gancyclovir

161
Q

Treatment of HSV, VZV, and CMV

A

Foscarnet (Does not require activation)

162
Q

Influenza A Coverage

A

Amantadine

163
Q

Amantadine: MOA

A

Prevents viral uncoating

164
Q

Side effect: Amantadine

A

Cerebellar dysfunction, Livedo reticularis

165
Q

Oseltamivir: MOA

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor

166
Q

DOC: Influenza

A

Oseltamivir

167
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis B

A

Lamivudine

168
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis C and RSV

169
Q

Pyrophosphate Analog

170
Q

NRTI, Requires phosphorylation, Primary drug for HIV, Prevents vertical transmission of HIV

A

Zidovudine

171
Q

NNRTI, No phosphorylation required

A

Delavirdine

172
Q

Protease inhibitor

173
Q

Fusion inhibitor, Binds gp41 subunit

A

Enfuvirtide

174
Q

Binding inhibitor, CCR5 antagonist

175
Q

Side Effect: Delavirdine

A

Hepatotoxicity

176
Q

Side Effect: Zidovudine

A

Lactic Acidosis

177
Q

Side Effect: Indinavir

A

Fat Redistribution Syndome, Hyperlipidemia, Insulin Resistance

178
Q

NNRTIs

A

Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine

179
Q

Protease Inhibitor

A

All protease inhibitors end with-navir

180
Q

Primary drug for malaria, Prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin

A

Cholorquine

181
Q

Chloroquine-resistance, Severe malaria, DOC for pregnant patients with Malaria

182
Q

Eradication of hypnozoites of P. Vivax and P. Ovale

A

Primaquine

183
Q

Chemoprophylaxis (Chloroquine-resistant)

A

Mefloquine, Malarone

184
Q

Side Effect: Chloroquine

A

Retinal Damage, Hearing Loss

185
Q

Side Effect: Quinine

A

Hypoglycemia, Blackwter Fever, Cinchonism

186
Q

Chemoprophylaxis (Multi-drug resistant)

A

Doxycycline

187
Q

DOC for malaria in the Philippines (P. Falciparum)

188
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Diloxanide Furoate

A

Asymptomatic Cyst Carriers of E. Histolytica

189
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Metronidazole

A

Amoebic Dysentery, Trichomoniasis, Bacterial Vaginosis

190
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Nitazoxanide

A

Cryptosporidium Parvum Infection

191
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: TMP-SMX

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia

192
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

A

Toxoplasmosis

193
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Suramin + Melarsoprolol

A

African Sleeping Sickness

194
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Nifurtimox

A

Chagas Disease

195
Q

Antiprotozoal Drugs: Stibogluconate

A

Leishmaniasis

196
Q

Mebendazole

A

Inhibits helminthic microtubules, Ovicidal

197
Q

Albendazole

A

Inhibits helminthic microtubules, Ovicidal and Larvicidal

198
Q

DOC for hydatid disease

A

Albendazole

199
Q

DOC for Filaria and Loa Loa SE: Filarial Fever

A

Diethylcarbamazine

200
Q

DOC for Strongyloides and Onchocerca SE: Mazzoti reaction

A

Ivermectin

201
Q

DOC for Enterobius

A

Pyrantel Pamoate

202
Q

DOC for Trichinosis

A

Thiabendazole

203
Q

DOC for Trematodes and Cestodes except echinococcosis

A

Praziquantel

204
Q

Niclosamide

A

Back-up drug to Praziquantel

205
Q

1 Primary Stain

A

Crystal Violet

206
Q

2 Mordant

207
Q

3 Decolorizer

208
Q

4 Counterstain

209
Q

Acid Fast Stain

A

Mycobacteria (Too much Lipid)

210
Q

Dark Field Microscopy

A

Spirochetes (Too thin)

211
Q

None (Serologic Studies)

A

Mycoplasma (No cell wall)

212
Q

Silver Stain

A

Legionella (Poor uptake of counterstain)

213
Q

Inclusion Bodies

A

Chlamydiae (Intracellular)

214
Q

Giemsa/Tissue Stains

A

Ricketssiae (Intracellular)

215
Q

All bacteria have cell walls composed of Peptidoglycan Except

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

216
Q

All gram-positive bacteria have NO endotoxin Except

A

Listeria Monocytogenes

217
Q

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide Except

A

Bacillus Anthracis

218
Q

All exotoxins are heat-labile Except

A

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

219
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Nocardia, Bacillus Cereus, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Legionelle, Brucella, Mycobacterium

220
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

Staph, Bacillus Anthracis, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Actinomyces, Mycoplasma

221
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Streptococcus, Spirochetes (Borellia, Leptospira Treponema), Campylobacter

222
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium, Bacteroides

223
Q

Egg Yolk

A

Clostridium Perfringens

224
Q

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

225
Q

Group D Streptococcus

A

Bile Esculin

226
Q

Staphylococci

A

Mannitol Salts

227
Q

N. Meningitidis, N. Gonorrhea (Sterile)

A

Chocolate Agar

228
Q

N. Gonorrhea (Non-Sterile)

A

Thayer Martin

229
Q

H Influenzae

A

Chocolate + X and V

230
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen

231
Q

Vibrio Cholerae

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS)

232
Q

Bordetella Pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou

233
Q

Legionella Pneumophila

A

Charcol-Yeast Extract

234
Q

Campylobacteria Jejuni

235
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

236
Q

P. Aeruginosa

237
Q

Slmonella, Shigella

238
Q

Leptospira Interrogans

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