Infectious Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Malaria: Most important parasitic disease in man
A
Malaria
2
Q
Malaria: 72 hour cycle
A
P. Malariae
3
Q
Malaria: Only Malignant Tertian
A
P. Falciparum
4
Q
Malaria: RBC Preference: All ages
A
P. Falciparum
5
Q
Malaria: RBC Preference: Old
A
P. Malariae
6
Q
Malaria: Highest Parasitemia
A
P. Falciparum
7
Q
Malaria: Lowest Parasitemia
A
P. Malariae
8
Q
Malaria: 0 Merozoites
A
P. Falciparum
9
Q
Malaria: Banana-Shaped Gametocytes
A
P. Falciparum
10
Q
Malaria: Large & Round Gametocytes
A
P. Vivax
11
Q
Malaria: Compact Gametocytes
A
P. Malariae
12
Q
Malaria: Small & Round Gametocytes
A
P. Ovale
13
Q
Malaria: Recrudescence
A
P. Falciparum & P. Malariae
14
Q
Malaria: Relapse
A
P. Vivax & P. Ovale
15
Q
Malaria: Prone to Drug Resistance
A
P. Falciparum
16
Q
Malaria: Recurrence of symptoms after 2-4 week abatement
A
Recrudescence
17
Q
Malaria: Return of disease after apparent cessation (1-6 months) due to reactivation of hypnozoites
A
Relapse
18
Q
Malaria: Screen for presence of Malarial organisms
A
Thick smears
19
Q
Malaria: Species identificaction
A
Thin smears
20
Q
Malaria: Highest yield of thick and thin smears (Timing)
A
During fever or 2-3 hours after peak
21
Q
Malaria: What do you call the Punctate granulation present in RBCs invaded by P. Ovale and P. Vivax
A
Schuffner dots
22
Q
Malaria: Coarse granulations present in RBCs invaded by P. Falciparum
A
Maurer dots
23
Q
Malaria: Fine dots present in RBCs invaded by P. Malariae
A
Ziemann dots
24
Q
Malaria: Malarial or Durck granulomas
A
Cerebral Malaria
25
Malaria: Acute Renal Failure in Malaria
Blackwater Fever
26
Malaria: Septic Shock in Malaria
Algid Malaria
27
Malaria: Endemic: Palawan?
Yes
28
Malaria: Endemic: Mindoro?
No
29
Malaria: Endemic: Cebu?
No
30
Malaria: Endemic: Quezon?
No
31
Malaria: Endemic: Abra?
No
32
Malaria: Endemic: Kalinga?
Yes
33
Malaria: Endemic: Apayao?
Yes
34
Malaria: Endemic: Nueva Ecija?
No
35
Malaria: Endemic: Agusal Del Sur?
Yes
36
Malaria: Endemic Provinces?
Palawan, Kalinga, Apayao, Ifugao, Agusan del Sur
37
Typhoid Fever: Stepwise Fever, Relative Bradycardia, Bacteremia, Anorexia, Malaise
Week 1
38
Typhoid Fever: Abdominal Symptoms, Rose Spots, Jaundice, Hepatosplenomegaly
Week 2
39
Typhoid Fever: Bleeding, Ileitis, Pneumonia
Week 3
40
Typhoid Fever: Recovery or Death
Week 4
41
Typhoid Fever: Week 1
Blood
42
Typhoid Fever: Week 2
Urine
43
Typhoid Fever: Rose Spots
Week 2
44
Typhoid Fever: Stool
Week 3
45
Typhoid Fever: Week 4
Bone Marrow (Always)
46
Typhoid Fever: Incubation period of Typhoid
5-21 days
47
Typhoid Fever: Week of Complications (Typhoid)
Week 3
48
Typhoid Fever: Antibiotics used in the Philippines
Ceftriaxone (resistant), Quinolones (susceptible)
49
Typhoid Fever: Eradice Salmonella carriage in the GB
Ampicillin
50
Leptospirosis : Most severe form
Weil Syndrome
51
Leptospirosis: Most common cause of death
Massive Pulmonary Hemorrhage
52
Schistosomiasis: Penetrates Skin
S. Japonicum
53
Schistosomiasis: Affects Liver
S. Japonicum, C. Sinensis
54
Schistosomiasis: Affects Lung
P. Westermani
55
Schistosomiasis: Raw Crab Ingestion
P. Westermani
56
Schistosomiasis: Raw Fish Ingestion
C. Sinensis
57
Schistosomiasis: Intermediate Host: S. Japonicum
Snail
58
Schistosomiasis: Intermediate Host: P. Westermani
Snail and Crab
59
Schistosomiasis: Intermediate Host: C. Sinensis
Snail and Fish
60
Schistosomiasis: Treatment
Praziquantel
61
Schistosomiasis: Systemic Hypersenstivity in Schistosomiasis
Katayama Fever
62
Schistosomiasis: Resembles Serum Sickness
Katayama Fever
63
Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Sorsogon
Yes
64
Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Samar
Yes
65
Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Leyte
Yes
66
Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Occidental Mindoro
No
67
Schistosomiasis: Endemic: Oriental Mindoro
Yes
68
Schistosomiasis: All of Mindanao Except
Misamis Oriental
69
Anaerobic, Gram-Positive, Spore-Forming Rod
C. Tetani
70
Resembles a Tennis Racket
C. Tetani
71
Negri Bodies
Rabies
72
Rabies Fatality
Early Brainstem Dysfunction
73
Presence of Microbes or Toxins in Blood
Septicemia
74
2 or more of the ff: Fever, Tachypnea, Tachycardia, Leukocytosis
SIRS
75
SIRS + Positive Blood Culture
Sepsis
76
Sepsis with hypotension despite ADEQUATE fluid resuscitation
Septic Shock
77
Sepsis that does not respont to fluids or pressors
Refractory Septic Shock
78
Dysfunction of more than one organ, requiring interention to maintain homeostasis
MODS
79
SIRS Criteria: Fever
>38 or
80
SIRS Criteria: Tachypnea
>24
81
SIRS Criteria: Tachycardia
>90
82
SIRS Criteria: Leukocytosis
>12 or 10% Bands
83
Vancomycin
Bactericidal
84
Fluoroquinolones
Bactericidal
85
Penicillins
Bactericidal
86
Aminoglycosides
Bactericidal
87
Metronidazole
Bacteriostatic
88
Erythromycin
Bacteriostatic
89
Clindamycin
Bacteriostatic
90
Sulfamethoxazole
Bacteriostatic
91
Trimethoprim
Bacteriostatic
92
Tetracycline
Bacteriostatic
93
Chloramphenicol
Bacteriostatic
94
Sulfamethoxazole
Bacteriostatic
95
Static + Static
Cidal
96
Side Effect: Pen G
Hypersensitivity
97
Side Effect: Methicillin
Interstitial Nephritis
98
Side Effect: Ampicillin
Pseudomembranous Colitis
99
Side Effect: Ticarcillin/Piperacillin/Cabenicillin
Hypertension, Hypervolemia, Bleeding
100
Drug Class: Methicillin
Penicillinase-Resistant
101
Drug Class: Ampicillin
Extended Spectrum
102
Drug Class: Pen G
Narrow Spectrum
103
Drug Class: Anti-pseudomonal
Ticarcillin/Piperacillin/Cabenicillin
104
Nafcillin
Staph Infections
105
Pen V
Oral (Vunganga)
106
Killed by Amoxicillin
H. Influenzae, E. Coli, L. Monocytogenes, P. Mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterococci (HELPS E)
107
Most effective Cephalosporin against Pseudomonas
Ceftazidime
108
Best Penetrance to BBB
Ceftriaxone
109
Disulfiram Reaction
Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefmetazole, Cefotetan
110
High Bone Penetration
Cefazolin
111
Surgical Prophylaxis
Cefazolin
112
1st Gen. Cephalosporin Coverage
KEPs (Klebsiella, E. Coli, Proteus)
113
2nd Gen. Cephalosporin Coverage
HEN has KEPs (KEPs + H. Influenza, Enterobacter Aerogenes Neisseria)
114
Anti-Pseudomonal
Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefoperazone
115
Side Effect: Chloramphenicol
Gray Baby Syndrome, Aplastic Anemia
116
Side Effect: Tetracycline
Tooth Enamel Discoloration, Photosensitivity
117
Side Effect: Erythromycin
Diarrhea, Cholestatic Jaundice
118
Side Effect: Clindamycin
Pseudomembranous Colitis
119
DOC for Vancomycin Resistance
Linezolid
120
DOC for Resistant Gonorrhea
Spectinomycin
121
Prototype Aminoglycoside, 30s
Gentamicin
122
Aminoglycoside: Ocular Infections
Tobramycin
123
Aminoglycoside: Widest spectrum of activity, Narrow Therapeutic Window
Amikacin
124
Tx of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Neomycin
125
Important Points on Aminoglycosides
Requires O2, Doesn't work in Anaerobic conditions
126
Sulfamethoxazole: MOA
Blocks Dihydropteroate Synthase
127
Trimethoprim: MOA
Blocks Dihydrofolate Reductase
128
Side Effect: TMP-SMX
SJS, TEN, Kernicterus
129
Side Effect: Ciprofloxacin
Tendinitis
130
Anaerobic Coverage: Quinolones
Moxifloxacin (Also for ocular infections)
131
Side Effect: Gatifloxacin
Diabetes Mellitus
132
Respiratory Quinolone
Levofloxacin
133
UTI and GIT Infections (Quinolone)
Ciprofloxacin
134
Isoniazid: MOA
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
135
Rifampicin: MOA
Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
136
Ethambutol: MOA
Inhibits arabinoglactan synthesis
137
Static but Cidal on actively dividing MTB
Pyrazinamide (Most Hepatotoxic)
138
Side Effect: Streptomycin
Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic
139
Potent CYP450 Inhibitor (Anti-TB Drug)
Isoniazid
140
Side Effect: Drug-Induced Lupus
Isoniazid
141
Side Effect: Red-Orange Urine
Rifampicin
142
Potent CYP450 Inducer (Anti-TB Drug)
Rifampicin
143
Dapsone: MOA
Inhibits Folate Synthesis
144
Side Effect: Dapsone
Methemoglobinemia
145
Delays Onset of Dapsone Resistance
Rifampicin
146
Side Effect: Clofazimine
Skin Discoloration
147
Most Active Drug Against M. Leprae
Dapsone
148
Silver bullet against gram negative bacteria (Anti-Pseudomonal)
Aztreonam
149
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor
Clavulanc Acid
150
Side Effect: Metronidazole
Disulfiram reaction, metallic taste, CNS toxicity
151
Side Effect: Nitrofurantoin
Pulmonary Fibrosis (UTI treatment)
152
Drugs of Last Resort
Imipenem, Amikacin, Meropenem, Linezolid, Streptogramins, Vancomycin (I AM your Last Shot at Victory)
153
Antifungal: Most Efficacious
Amphotericin B (Side Effect: Nephrotoxic)
154
Antifungal: Treatment of Dermatophyton
Ketoconazole (Side Effect: Gynecomastia, CYP450 inhibitor)
155
Antifungal: Treatment and Prophylaxis of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis
Fluconazole
156
Griseofulvin: MOA
Interferes with fungal microtubules
157
Nystatin: Use
Candidiasis (Swish and Swallow or Suppository)
158
Treatment of HSV and VZV
Acyclovir (Side effect: Crystalluria)
159
CMV Treatment
Ganciclovir
160
Requires activation by Thymidine Kinase
Acyclovir, Gancyclovir
161
Treatment of HSV, VZV, and CMV
Foscarnet (Does not require activation)
162
Influenza A Coverage
Amantadine
163
Amantadine: MOA
Prevents viral uncoating
164
Side effect: Amantadine
Cerebellar dysfunction, Livedo reticularis
165
Oseltamivir: MOA
Neuraminidase inhibitor
166
DOC: Influenza
Oseltamivir
167
Treatment of Hepatitis B
Lamivudine
168
Treatment of Hepatitis C and RSV
Ribavirin
169
Pyrophosphate Analog
Foscarnet
170
NRTI, Requires phosphorylation, Primary drug for HIV, Prevents vertical transmission of HIV
Zidovudine
171
NNRTI, No phosphorylation required
Delavirdine
172
Protease inhibitor
Indinavir
173
Fusion inhibitor, Binds gp41 subunit
Enfuvirtide
174
Binding inhibitor, CCR5 antagonist
Maraviroc
175
Side Effect: Delavirdine
Hepatotoxicity
176
Side Effect: Zidovudine
Lactic Acidosis
177
Side Effect: Indinavir
Fat Redistribution Syndome, Hyperlipidemia, Insulin Resistance
178
NNRTIs
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
179
Protease Inhibitor
All protease inhibitors end with-navir
180
Primary drug for malaria, Prevents heme polymerization into hemozoin
Cholorquine
181
Chloroquine-resistance, Severe malaria, DOC for pregnant patients with Malaria
Quinine
182
Eradication of hypnozoites of P. Vivax and P. Ovale
Primaquine
183
Chemoprophylaxis (Chloroquine-resistant)
Mefloquine, Malarone
184
Side Effect: Chloroquine
Retinal Damage, Hearing Loss
185
Side Effect: Quinine
Hypoglycemia, Blackwter Fever, Cinchonism
186
Chemoprophylaxis (Multi-drug resistant)
Doxycycline
187
DOC for malaria in the Philippines (P. Falciparum)
Co-artem
188
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Diloxanide Furoate
Asymptomatic Cyst Carriers of E. Histolytica
189
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Metronidazole
Amoebic Dysentery, Trichomoniasis, Bacterial Vaginosis
190
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Nitazoxanide
Cryptosporidium Parvum Infection
191
Antiprotozoal Drugs: TMP-SMX
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
192
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine
Toxoplasmosis
193
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Suramin + Melarsoprolol
African Sleeping Sickness
194
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Nifurtimox
Chagas Disease
195
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Stibogluconate
Leishmaniasis
196
Mebendazole
Inhibits helminthic microtubules, Ovicidal
197
Albendazole
Inhibits helminthic microtubules, Ovicidal and Larvicidal
198
DOC for hydatid disease
Albendazole
199
DOC for Filaria and Loa Loa SE: Filarial Fever
Diethylcarbamazine
200
DOC for Strongyloides and Onchocerca SE: Mazzoti reaction
Ivermectin
201
DOC for Enterobius
Pyrantel Pamoate
202
DOC for Trichinosis
Thiabendazole
203
DOC for Trematodes and Cestodes except echinococcosis
Praziquantel
204
Niclosamide
Back-up drug to Praziquantel
205
1 Primary Stain
Crystal Violet
206
2 Mordant
Iodine
207
3 Decolorizer
Acetone
208
4 Counterstain
Safranin
209
Acid Fast Stain
Mycobacteria (Too much Lipid)
210
Dark Field Microscopy
Spirochetes (Too thin)
211
None (Serologic Studies)
Mycoplasma (No cell wall)
212
Silver Stain
Legionella (Poor uptake of counterstain)
213
Inclusion Bodies
Chlamydiae (Intracellular)
214
Giemsa/Tissue Stains
Ricketssiae (Intracellular)
215
All bacteria have cell walls composed of Peptidoglycan Except
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
216
All gram-positive bacteria have NO endotoxin Except
Listeria Monocytogenes
217
All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide Except
Bacillus Anthracis
218
All exotoxins are heat-labile Except
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin
219
Obligate Aerobes
Nocardia, Bacillus Cereus, Neisseria, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Legionelle, Brucella, Mycobacterium
220
Facultative Anaerobes
Staph, Bacillus Anthracis, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Actinomyces, Mycoplasma
221
Microaerophiles
Streptococcus, Spirochetes (Borellia, Leptospira Treponema), Campylobacter
222
Obligate Anaerobes
Clostridium, Bacteroides
223
Egg Yolk
Clostridium Perfringens
224
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
Tellurite
225
Group D Streptococcus
Bile Esculin
226
Staphylococci
Mannitol Salts
227
N. Meningitidis, N. Gonorrhea (Sterile)
Chocolate Agar
228
N. Gonorrhea (Non-Sterile)
Thayer Martin
229
H Influenzae
Chocolate + X and V
230
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Lowenstein-Jensen
231
Vibrio Cholerae
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS)
232
Bordetella Pertussis
Bordet-Gengou
233
Legionella Pneumophila
Charcol-Yeast Extract
234
Campylobacteria Jejuni
Skirrows
235
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Eaton
236
P. Aeruginosa
Cetrimide
237
Slmonella, Shigella
XLD
238
Leptospira Interrogans
EMJH
