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IM Board Correlates > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Site of hematopoiesis

A

yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow

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2
Q

Heme precusosrs

A

Succinyl CoA (TCA intermediate); Glycine

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3
Q

Source of energy of RBC

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

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4
Q

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deffeciency lead to

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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5
Q

Last stage of RBC with nucleus

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

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6
Q

Immature RBCs, increases in hemolysis

A

Reticulocytes

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7
Q

2 alpha, 2 beta chains

A

HbA

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8
Q

2 alpha, 2 gamma chains

A

HbF

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9
Q

Transfers iron in the blood

A

Transferrin

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10
Q

Stores iron in the liver

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

For additional iron storgae

A

Hemosiderin

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12
Q

Granulocytes

A

Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

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13
Q

Releases histamin and heparin, involved in allergies

A

Basophils

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14
Q

Increases in allergies and parasitic invasions

A

eosinophils

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15
Q

Involved in bacterial infections, lasts 8 hours

A

neutrophils

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16
Q

Tissue macrophages

A

Bone: Osteoclasts Liver: Kupffer cells Skin: Langerhans cells CNS: Microglia Lungs: alveolar macrophages

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17
Q

Derived from beak-up of megakaryocytes; lasts 7-10 days

A

platelets

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18
Q

Requires glycoprotein 1b and VWF

A

platelet adhesion

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19
Q

Requires glycoprotein IIB-IIIa and fibrinogen

A

platelet aggregation

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20
Q

Secretes Ig

A

Plasma cells (derived from B cells)

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21
Q

Primary response Ig; also, largest

A

IgM

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22
Q

Ig in secondary response; also, smallest and can penetrate placenta

A

IgG

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23
Q

Ig in secretions

A

IgA

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24
Q

Ig in parasitic infections and allergies

A

IgE

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25
Q

MHC I, CD 8 is also known as

A

T-killer cell

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26
Q

MHC II, CD4 is also known as

A

T-helper cell

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27
Q

Abnormal azurophilic granules

A

Severe infection (toxic granules)

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28
Q

Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles

A

Severe infection (dohle bodies)

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29
Q

Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts

A

AML (Auer rods)

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30
Q

Scattered macrophage with abundant wrinkled green blue cytoplasm

A

CML (sea blue histiocytes)

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31
Q

Small lymphocytes disrupted in the process of making smears

A

CLL (smidge cells)

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32
Q

Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes

A

Hodgkin’s lmphoma (reed sternberg cells)

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33
Q

Nuclear remnants are phagocytosed by interspersed macrophages with abundant clear cytoplasm

A

burkitt’s lymphoma ( starry sky pattern)

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34
Q

Multi-lobulated nuclei

A

adult t-cell lymphoma (clover leaf cells)

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35
Q

Destructive plasma cell tumors involving axial skeleton

A

Multiple myeoloma (plasmacytoma)

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36
Q

Multiple nuclei, prominent nucleoli and cytoplasmic droplets containing Ig

A

Multiple myeloma (bizzare multinucleated cells)

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37
Q

Fiery red cytoplasm

A

Multiple myeloma (flame cells)

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38
Q

Pink globular cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Multiple myeloma (russel bodies)

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39
Q

blue globular nuclear inclusions

A

multiple myeloma (dutcher bodies)

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40
Q

M proteins causes RBCs in peripheral blood smear to sticl in linear arrays

A

Multiple myeloma (rouleaux formation)

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41
Q

erythroblasts with iron laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules

A

Sideroblastic anemia (ringed sideroblasts)

42
Q

neutrophils with only 2 nuclear lobes

A

myelodysplastic syndrome (pseudo-pelger-huet cells)

43
Q

megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobes or multiple separate nuclei

A

myelodysplastic syndrome (pawn-ball megakaryocytes)

44
Q

Premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors

A

primary myelofibrosis (leukoerythroblastosis)

45
Q

cells that were damaged during the burthing process in the fibrotic marrow

A

primary myelofibrosis (teardrop cells/dakrocytes)

46
Q

pentalaminar tubules often with dilated terminal end

A

langerhans cell histocytosis (birbeck granules)

47
Q

small yellow bronw or rust colored foci in the spleen

A

congestion of spleen (gandy gamna nodules)

48
Q

Reed sternberg cells

A

hodgkin

49
Q

associated with HIV and immunosuppresion

A

non hodgkin

50
Q

extranodal involvment; noncontiguous spread

A

non hodgkin

51
Q

low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

hodgkin

52
Q

EBV; bimodal distribution

A

hodgkin

53
Q

most common type; lacunar variant RS cells

A

nodular sclerosis

54
Q

Predominantly lymphocytic infiltrates; mononuclear variant RS cells

A

lymphocyte-rich

55
Q

worst prognosis

A

lymphocyte-depleted

56
Q

best prognosis

A

lymphocyte-rich

57
Q

relatively good prognosis; popcorn cells

A

lymphocyte-predominant

58
Q

triad of hemolytic anemia

A

pallor, jaunduce, splenomegaly

59
Q

difference between intra and extravascular hemolysis

A

extravascular has splenomegaly

60
Q

expected morphology on PBS for hemolytic anemia

A

normocytic normochromic

61
Q

AD disorder caused by intrinsic defects in the red cell membrane causes MCHC

A

hereditary spherocytosis

62
Q

x linked recessive; reduced ability of RBCs to protect against oxidative stress

A

G6PD

63
Q

Intravascular hemolysis due to increased complement mediated RBC lysis

A

PNH

64
Q

hemolytic anemia sin in DIC, TTP-HUS,b SLE, malignant HPN

A

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

65
Q

Caused by trauma to RBCs in those with cardiac valve prosthesis

A

Macrioangiopathic hemolytic anemia

66
Q

Intrinsic, extravascular hemolysis

A

spherocytosis, sickle cell, thalassemia

67
Q

Intrinsic, intravascular hemolysis

A

G6PD, PNH

68
Q

Extrinsic, intravascular

A

autoimmune hemolytic, micro and macrovascular hemolytic

69
Q

Normal PC, BT, PT, PTT

A

Ehlers-Danlos

70
Q

Decreased PC, Prolonged BT, Normal PT PTT

A

ITP; TTP; Bernard-Soulier

71
Q

Normal PC, Proloned BT, Normal PT PTT

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

72
Q

Normal PC, Prolonged BT, Normal PT, Prolonged PTT

A

Von Willibrand’s disease

73
Q

Normal PC, BT, PT, Proloned PTT

A

Hemophilia

74
Q

Normal PC, BT, Prolonged PT, PTT

A

Vitamin K deffeciency

75
Q

Decreased PC BT, Prolonged PT PTT

A

DIC

76
Q

Impairment of DNA synthesis that leads to distinctive morphologic changes

A

Megaloblastic anemia

77
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia; presents with koilonychia or pica

A

IDA

78
Q

Most common cause of anemia in hospitalized patients

A

Anemia of chronic disease

79
Q

Syndrome of chronic primary hematopioeitic failure and attendant pancytopenia

A

Aplastic anemia

80
Q

Quarternary structure

A

Hemoglobin

81
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Myoglobin

82
Q

Binds to 4 O2 molecules

A

Hemoglobin

83
Q

Binds to 1 O2 molecule

A

Myoglobin

84
Q

binding of oxygen affected by chainge in PH and CO2

A

Hemoglobin

85
Q

Binding not affected by PH and CO2 changes

A

Myoglobin

86
Q

Sigmoidal curve

A

Hemoglobin

87
Q

hyperbolic curve

A

Myoglobin

88
Q

Most abundant in adults

A

Hgb A

89
Q

Use to measure long term glucose levelsUsed to determine glucose by non-enzymatic addition of glucose to hemoglobin

A

Hba1C

90
Q

Oxidation of the heme component of hemoglobin to iron which cannot bind to oxygen

A

Methemoglobin

91
Q

Form of hemoglonin where CO binds tightly but reversibly

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

92
Q

Tetramer consisting of 2 alpha and gamma chains

A

Fetal hemoglobin

93
Q

Gamma tetramers in the neworns

A

HgB Barts

94
Q

Small hyperchromic RBC lacking central pallor

A

Spehrocytes; Hereditiary spherocytosis

95
Q

Small dark nuclear remnants present in RBCs of asplenic patients

A

Howell-jolly bodies; asplenia

96
Q

Membrane bound percipitates on denatured globin chains

A

Heinz bodies; G6PD

97
Q

RBCs with damaged membranes due to removal of heinz bodies by splenic macrophages

A

Bite cells; G6PD

98
Q

RBCs shaped like curved blades

A

Sickle cell

99
Q

Dehydated RBCs with bull’s eye appearance

A

Target cells; Sickle cell and thalassemia

100
Q

Fragmented RBCs aka helmet cells

A

Shistocytes; RBC trauma, DIC, HUS

101
Q

RBC with spiles

A

Burr cells or echinocytes; RBC trauma

IM Board Correlates (4 decks)

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