Cardiology

Question 1

triad of chronic renal failure in ECG

Answer 1

Peaked T waves(hyperkalemia)
Long QT(hypocalcemia)

Question 2

beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade

Answer 2

distended neck veins(prominent x-descent)

Question 3

triad of buerger’s disease

Answer 3

claudication
raynaud’s phenomenon
migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis

Question 4

virchow’s triad

Answer 4

stasis
vascular damage
hypercoagulability

Question 5

clinical syndromes of hemochromatosis

Answer 5

cirrhosis
diabetes
hypogonadism

Question 6

plaques that have caused fatal thromboses

Answer 6

thin fibrous caps
large lipid cores
high macrophage content

Question 7

diagnostic triad of wolf-parkinson-white

Answer 7

wide QRS
short PR
Delta wave: slurring of the initial part of the QRS

Question 8

orthostatic hypertension

Answer 8

fall in SBP >20mmHg or DBP >10mmHg in response to change in posture from a supine to an upright position within 3 minutes

Question 9

blood pressure persistently elevated despite taking >3 antihypertensives including a diuretic

Answer 9

resistant hypertension

Question 10

failure to increase HR during exercise

unable to achieve 85% of predicted maximal HR at peak exercise

Answer 10

Chronotropic incompetence

Question 11

chest discomfort associated with physical exertion or stress; relieved within 5-10 minutes by rest and/or sublingual nitroglycerin

Answer 11

stable angina

Question 12

unstable angina has at least one of the following features EXCEPT: A) occurs with minimal exertion or at rest, usually lasting >10 minutes B) severe or of new onset(within the prior 4-6 weeks) C) crescendo pattern

Answer 12

NONE

Question 13

criteria for white coat hypertension

Answer 13

3 clinical based blood pressures >140/90

2 non clinical blood pressures

Question 14

Pulse pressure

Answer 14

systole - diastole

Question 15

MAP

Answer 15

(2/3 diastole) + (1/3 systole)

Question 16

CVP

Answer 16

right atrial pressure