Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 1

Disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites

Question 2

List the five processes microorganisms must go through to cause disease.

Answer 2

• Contamination
• Adherence
• Colonization
• Invasion
• Damage

Question 3

What is a sytmptom

Answer 3

A manifestation of disease apparent to the patient himself
-Subjective evidence of disease

Question 4

What is a sign

Answer 4

A manifestation of disease that the physician perceives
-Objective evidence of disease

Question 5

What are common signs and symptoms of infectious diseases?

Answer 5

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Diarrhea
• Muscle aches
• Coughing

Question 6

Name the types of organisms that can cause infectious diseases.

Answer 6

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Prions

Question 7

What is direct contact transmission?

Answer 7

Transmission through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or their fluids
-person to person
-animal to person
-mother to unborn child

Examples include person-to-person, animal-to-person, and mother-to-unborn-child.

Question 8

What is indirect contact transmission?

Answer 8

Transmission via inanimate objects or through vectors like insects

Germs can linger on surfaces or be spread by carriers like mosquitoes.

Question 9

Risk factors

Answer 9

Taking steroids or other medications that suppress your immune system.
Having HIV (AIDS), cancer or other dis orders.
Certain other medical conditions may predispose you to infection, including implanted medical devices, malnutrition and extremes of age, among others.

Question 10

The chain of infection model

Answer 10

Describe how an infection spreads from one person or animal to another.

Question 11

List the six links of the chain of infection.

Answer 11

• Infectious agent
• Reservoir
• Portal of exit
• Mode of transmission
• Portal of entry:
• Susceptible host:

Question 12

High consequence infectious disease (HCID) is defined as?

Answer 12

A disease that can cause severe symptoms, has a high case-fatality rate, and may not have effective treatment

Question 13

What is infectivity?

Answer 13

The ability to enter and multiply in the host

Question 14

What is pathogenicity?

Answer 14

The ability to produce a specific clinical reaction after infection occurs.

Question 15

What is invasiveness?

Answer 15

The ability to penetrate and spread throughout the tissue.

Question 16

What does it mean if a disease is infectious?

Answer 16

It means the disease can be passed on to others.

Question 17

What is the definition of ‘incubation period’?

Answer 17

The time between exposure to an infectious agent and when symptoms first appear

Question 18

Define ‘immunity’.

Answer 18

The ability of the body to respond to and resist bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 19

What are preventive measures to reduce the spread of infectious diseases?

Answer 19

• Wash hands
• Get vaccinated
• Stay home when ill
• Prepare food safely
• Do not share personal items

Question 20

What is the ‘infectious period’?

Answer 20

The time when an infected person can pass on their infection to others

Question 21

What is a zoonotic infection?

Answer 21

An infection that causes disease in humans but can only be sustained in nonhuman animals

Question 22

What is ‘antigenicity’?

Answer 22

The ability to stimulate an immunological response