Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General med > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q
  • if +ve = anticoag
    • if -ve = D-dimer – if +ve rpt USS in 6-8Bacterial causes of meningitis per age group ( newborn, young children, teens/adults)
A

Newborn - GBStrep; e.coli/coliform, listeria monocytogenesYoung children - N. meningitidis, strep pneumoniae, H.influenzaeTeens/adults - Strep pneumoniae, N.meningitidis, listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Viral causes of meningitis

A 
enterovirusVZVHSVHIVmumps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fungal cause of meningitis

A

Crytpociccus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CSF interp for bacteria

A 
WCC v raised (100-50,000)protein v raised (>1)glucose low (<40%)opening pressure high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CSF interp for viral

A 
WCC raised (5-1000)protein N/raised (0.4-1)glucose Nopening pressure M/slighlty raised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CSF interp for fungal

A

WCC N/raised (0-1000)Protien raised (0.2.5)glcuose N/low (<40%)opening pressure v high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CSF interp TB

A

WCC slightly raised (<500)protein v raised (1-5)glucose v low (>30%)Opening pressure - high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tx bacterial meningitis (initial)

A

if susptected in GP - IM benzylpenicillin if no delay
IV cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
if <3 mo or >50 yrs - add amoxicillin IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for aspergilloma

A

Itraconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Demographic that acquies Aspergilloma

A
  • Immunocompromised
  • cavitating lung disease (TB, emphysema)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical presentation of aspergilloma

A

hx of TB;
haemoptysis (severe);
rounded opacity on CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical presentation TB

A

fever; night sweats; anorexia; weight loss; chronic cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abx to treat IE chronic bronchitis

A

amoxicillin or tatracycline or clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abx to treat uncomplicated CAP

A

Amoxicillin
pen allergic = doxycylicine or clarithromycin
add flucloxacillin if ?satphylococci (in influenza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Abx to treat atypical pnuemonia

A

clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abx to treat HAP

A

<5 days admission: co-amox or cefuroxime
>5 days - piptaz/razocin OR broad spectrum cephalosporin (ceftazidime) OR quinolone (ciprofloxacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abx to treat Lower UTI

A

trimethorpin or nitrofurantoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Abx to treat acute pyelonephritis

A

broad specturum cephalosporin (ceftrazidime) or quinolone (ciprofloxacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Abx to treat acute prostatitis

A

quinolone (ciprofloxacin) or trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Abx to treat impetigo

A

topical hydrogen peroxide
oral flucloxacillin (erythromycin if widespread)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Abx to treat cellullitis

A

flucloxacillin
pen allergic = clarithromycin, erythromcyin or doxycyclin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Abx to treat cellulitis near eyes ro nose

A

co-amox
pen allergic = clarithromycin + metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Abx to treat erysipelaas

A

flucloxacillin
pen allergic = clarithromycin, erythromcyin or doxycyclin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abx to treat animal/human bite

A

co-amox
pen allergic = clarithromycin + metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Abx to treat mastitis (breast feeding)

A

flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Abx to treat pharyngitis

A

phenoxymethylpenicllin (penV)
pen allergic = erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Abx to treat sinusitis

A

phenoxymethylpenicllin (penV)
pen allergic = erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Abx to treat otitis media

A

amoxicillin
pen allergic = erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Abx to treat otitis externa

A

flucloxacillin
pen allergic = erythromcyin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Abx to treat periapical or periodontal abscess

A

amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Abx to treat genngitivits

A

metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Abx to treat gonorrhoea

A

IM ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Abx to treat chlamydia

A

doxycycline or azithromycin

34
Q

Abx to treat pelvic inflammatory disease

A

PO doxycycline
PO metronizadole
IM cetriaxone

35
Q

Abx to treat syphillis

A

benzathine benzylpenicillin
pen allergic = doxycycline or erythromycin

36
Q

Abx to treat bacterial vaginosis

A

PO or topical metronidazole or clindamycin

37
Q

Abx to treat clostridiodes difficile

A

1st: PO vancomycin
2nd/subsequent: PO fidaxomicin

38
Q

Abx to treat campylobacter enteritis

A

clarithromycin

39
Q

Abx to treat Salmonella (non-typhoid)

A

ciprofloxacin

40
Q

Abx to treat shigellosis

A

cirpofloxacin

41
Q

Typical causative pathogen for croup

A

parainfluenza virus

42
Q

Typical causative pathogen for CAP

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

43
Q

Typical causative pathogen for bronchiolitis

A

respiratory syncytial virus

44
Q

Typical causative pathogen for acute epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

45
Q

Typical causative pathogen for pneumonia following influenza

A

staphylococcus aureus

46
Q

Typical causative pathogen for atypical pneumonia

A

mycoplasma pneumonia (flu-like sx precedes dry cough)

Legionella pneumophilia (dry cough, lymphopenia, deranged LFTs, hyponatraemia)

47
Q

complications of atypical pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia

A

haemolytic anaemia
erythema multiforme

48
Q

Typical causative pathogen for pneumonia in HIV pts

A

pneumoctystis jirovecii

49
Q

Typical fts of pneumonia jirovecii

A

few chest signs
exertional dypnoea
HIV

50
Q

Typical causative pathogen for tuberculosis

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

51
Q

warning signs in ?meningitis requiring senior review

A
  • rapidly progressive rash
  • poor peripheral perfusion
  • RR <8 or >30 OR HR <40 or >140
  • pH <7.3 OR WBC <4 OR lactate >4
  • GCS <12 or drop of 2
  • poor response to fluid resus
52
Q

When to delay LP in ?meningitis

A
  • signs of severe sepsis/rapidly evolving rash
  • severe resp/cardiac compromise
  • significant bleeding risk
  • signs of raised ICP (focal neuro, papilloedema, continuous/uncontrolled seizures, GCS <12)
53
Q

Management of ?meningiits

A
  • IV access - bloods + cultures
  • LP w/in 1st hour/before abx unless delay is inappropriate
  • IV abx - cefotazime or ceftriaxome
  • IV dexamethasone ( prior to or <12hrs from start of abx) ; avoid in septic shock, immunipcompromised, after surgery
54
Q

Clinical fts of rubella

A
  • prodrome - low grade fever
  • rash: maculopapular; face –> whole body; fades by day 3-5
  • lymphadenopathy : suboccipital and post-auricular
55
Q

complications of rubella

A
  • arthritis
  • thrombocytopaenia
  • encephalitis
  • myocarditis
56
Q

clinical fts of measles

A
  • fever, cough , conjunctivities
  • irritability
  • blanching erythematous rash on face and upper chest
  • white spots on the inside of cheeks
57
Q

Clinical fts of infection with parvovirus B19

A

common:
- infants: erythema infectiosum (slapped-cheek syndrome) = mild fever with bright red rash after a few days (+/- spread to body - palms/soles) but feels better; can recurr with heat/sun
- adutls: acute arthritis
- immunosuprressed: pancytopenia
- sickle-cell: aplastic crysis
- fetus from 20/40: hydrops fetalis = severe anaemia –> T2HF –> fluid retention (ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions)

58
Q

Presentation of trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • vaginal discharge: offensive, yellow/green, forthy
  • vulvovaginitis
  • strawberry cervix
  • pH >4.5
  • men: asymptomatic/urethritis
59
Q

microscopy trichomonas vaginalis

A

motile trophozoites
(seen on a wet mount)

60
Q

presentation bacterial vaginosis

A
  • PV discharge: offensive (‘fishy’), thin/white discharge
  • vaginal pH >4.5
  • non STI
61
Q

Bacterial vaginosis microscopy

A

clue cells

62
Q
A
63
Q

classic presentation of infectious mononucleosis

A

sore throat
pyrexia
lymphadenopathy (ant and post triangles)

Maculopapular, pruritic rash after amoxicillin use

Other: hepatitis, transient rise in aLT; splenomegally; palatal petechia

64
Q

diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis

A

heterophil antibody test (monospot test) in second week of illness

65
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by E.coli

A

traveller
watery stools
abdominal cramps and nausea

66
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by Giardiasis

A

Prolonged (2-6 weeks), non-bloody diarrhoea
+/- malabsorption (causing steatorrhea)

67
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by cholera

A

Profuse watery diarrhoea
Severe dehydration w/ weight loss
not common amongst travellers

68
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by shigella

A

bloody diarrhoea
vomiting and abdo pain

69
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by staphylococcus aureus

A

severe vomiting
short incubation period

70
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter

A

flu-like prodromed
crampy abdominal pain, fever
+/- blood in diarrhoea
complication : Guillian-Barre

71
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by bacilly cereus

A

2 types
- vomiting w/in 6hrs, stereotypically due to rice
- diarrhoeal illness ocurrign after 6hrs

72
Q

Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by amoebiasis

A

gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and tenderness
last for several weeks (2-6 weeks)
no malabsorption (steatorrhoea)

73
Q

Typical presentation of pneumonia caused by legionella

A
  • spread by air-conditioning systems (water tanks)
  • flu-like sx incl fever
  • dry cough
  • relative bradycardia
  • confusion
  • lymphopaenia
  • hyponatraemia
  • deranged LFts
74
Q

Investigation findings of legionella pneumonia

A

Bloods - lymphopaenia, hyponatraemia, derranged LFTs
CXR - mid-lower zone predominance of patchy consolidation + 40% show pleural effusions

Diagnosis = urinary antigen

75
Q

Complications of chronic hepatitis C

A
  • rheum: arthralgia, arthritis
  • eyes : Sjorgren’s syndrome
  • cirrhosis - 5-20%
  • hepatocellular Ca
  • cryoglobulinaemia type II (monoclonal and polylconal)
  • prophyria cutanea tarda (esp if with alcohol abuse)
  • membranproliferative glomerulonephritis
76
Q

Fts of acute hepatitic C infection

A
  • transient rise in serum aminotransferases/jaundice
  • fatigue
  • arthralgia
77
Q

fts of rabies

A

animal bite (usually dog) in rural areas of Africa and Asia

  • prodrome = headache, fever, agitation
  • hydrophobia = water-provoking muscle spasms
  • hypersalivation
  • negri bodies: cyoplasmic inclusion bodies found in infected neurons
78
Q

Treatment for rabies

A

immediate treatment - nearest Dr
- if already immunized: 2 further doses + abx
- if not immunized: human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) + full course of administered, if possible locally aroudn the wound

79
Q

abx for prophylaxis for contacts of pts with meningococcal meningitis

A

oral ciprofloxacin

80
Q
A

General med (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions