Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What contraindications to two-drug therapy for HIV exist?
HBV infection, pregnancy, HIV RNA count <500,000
What is the timeframe for starting HIV therapy with opportunistic infections?
Two weeks
Which two opportunistic infections should delay onset of HIV therapy?
TB (particularly TB meningitis) and cryptococcal meningitis
Which HLA type is associated with hypersensitivity if treated with abacavir?
HLAB5701
What are the two most common OIs with HIV?
Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasma encephalitis
What CD4+ count is accepted as the cut off for significantly increased risk of OI?
200
What is the best test to diagnose cryptococcal meningitis?
CSF cryptococcal PCR
What is the first line treatment for cryptococcal meningitis?
IV amphotericin + flucytosine
What two neutropaenic parameters significantly increase your risk for severe infection?
Duration >10 days, count <500
Which fungal species does caspofungin not have activity against?
Cryptococcus
What duration of intubation infers a greater risk of aspergillus infection?
> 7 days
Which Van resistance gene is not transferrable?
Van C
Which Van gene has the highest level of vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance?
Van A
What are the four mechanisms for gram negative penicillin resistance?
Altered porins, beta-lactamases, prevention of binding, efflux pumps
What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis?
S. pneumoniae and N. meninigitidis
In which populations does the risk of listeria meningitis increase?
Age >50 years and compromised cell-mediated immunity
What are the four indications for CT prior to LP (UK guidelines)?
Focal neurological signs
Papilloedema
Continuous/uncontrolled seizures
GCS 12 or less
Which four cardiac conditions are considered high risk for IE?
Prosthetic heart valve
Rheumatic valvulopathy
Previous endocarditis
Cyanotic congenital heart disease (unrepaired or within last six months)
Which three procedures are considered high risk for IE risk?
Dental procedures with manipulation of gingival tissue/periapical region or perforates oral mucosa
Tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy
Surgery at site of established infection
