Infectious diseases Flashcards
how to prevent IV catheter related infections
replacing peripheral IVs every 72-96 hours
remove after 1-2 days if not inserted with sterile technique
Anti-microbial impregnated lines with less lumens
daily chlorhexidine bathing in ICU patients
Routine hand washing prior to handling
Do not use guidewire technique to replace
4 classic manifestations of acute bacterial meningitis
Fever
headache
altered mental status
Neck stiffness
major Clinical manifestations of Acute rheumatic fever
Joints (migratory arthritis) Carditis Subcutaneous Nodules erythema marginatum Sydenham chorea
risk factors for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
Tampon use
Nasal packing
Surgical/ postpartum wound infection
pathogenesis of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
staphylococcus aureus exotoxin act as a super antigen
this activates T cells causing a massive inflammatory response
(blood cultures are rarely positive!)
clinical features of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
fever >38.9
hypotension
diffuse erythroderma including palms and soles
desquamating rash after 1-3 weeks after disease onset.
vomiting/ diarrhoea
ALOC without focal neurological findings
multiorgan failure
management of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
Remove offending foreign body fluid resuscitation supportive therapies as required Antibiotics - clindamycin (inhibits toxin production)and Vancomycin
Risk factors for cellulitis
Lymphodema
Sap heñíos vein harvest
Pneumonia severity index disadvantages
Time consuming
May underestimate severe pneumonia in a young, healthy patient
Advantages pneumonia scoring index
High quality well validated
Common bugs OP CAP
Respiratory viruses Streptococcus pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Hemophilous influenza Chlamydophilia pneumoniae
Emperor abx Regime for OP CAP
Macrolide or doxy
If abx in last 3mo or comorbidities:
Mock/levo
Beta lactam + macrolide
Risk factors c. Diff
Antimicrobiano exposure
PPI/H2
Chemotherapy
Immunocompromised
