cardiology

Question 1

common causes of pericardial effusions

Answer 1

Collagen vascular disease
Hypothyroidism
Urema
Malignancy
Post myocardial infarction

Infection (viral, bacterial, fungal, TB)
Trauma
(CHUMP IT)

Question 2

Initial work up for chronic pericardial effusions

Answer 2

CBC
Basic metabolic panel
Thyroid function tests
Anti dsDNA
Complement levels

Question 3

Risk factors for cad

Answer 3

Family history, male <45, females <55, ckd, diabetics, smokers, inflammatory diseases,

Question 4

5 steps in ischemic cascade

Answer 4

1. Blood flow changes (seen on myocardial perfusion)
2. Diastolic, then systolic dysfunction (wall motion abnormalities)
3. ECG Changes
4. Symptoms
5. Myocardial necrosis

Question 5

criteria for diagnosis of wellens syndrome

Answer 5

Deeply inverted T waves or Biphasic T waves in V2-V3
ECG pattern in pain-free state
Isoelectric or minimally-elevated ST segment(<1mm)
no precordial Q waves
Preserved precordial R wave progression
Recent history of angina
Normal or slightly elevated serum cardiac markers