Endocrinology

Question 1

Cardiac manifestations of Hypothyroidism

Answer 1

Dyspnoea
bradycardia
Decreased cardiac output due to decreased cardiac contractility
Hypertension due to increased cardiovascular resistance
Peripheral oedema which is usually non-pitting
Ventricular arrythmais
increased risk of CAD
pericardial effusion

Question 2

Autoantibody tests for T1DM

Answer 2

Initial tests:
GAD-65 (70% prevalence) 
IA-2, IA-2b
Other possible tests:
islet cells
Insulin
Zinc transporter

Question 3

Lab test For B-cell function (insulin production)

Answer 3

C-Peptide (low or undetectable)

Question 4

Diseases Associated with type 1 diabetes

Answer 4

celiac disease,
thyroid disorders,
vitiligo,
pernicious anemia (autoimmune gastritis with intrinsic factor deficiency),
autoimmune hepatitis,
autoimmune primary adrenal gland failure.