Infectious Diseases Flashcards
T- cells
Activate other cells and activate B- cells to release antibodies. They release cytokines which causes helper T- cells to be produced.
Active Immunity
An immunity that is developed over a period of time.
Natural Active immunity
Contracting the disease to build up immunity
Active Acquired immunity
Is when a vaccination is given.
Innate immune response:
A physical, chemical and cellular defense against pathogens. Immediately prevents the spread of pathogens throughout the body.
Characteristic of a pathogen:
Colonize and invade hosts, seek nutrient rich places in the hosts body, fight the bodies immune system and multiply.
Examples of disease control techniques:
- Antibiotics and antiseptics
- Quarantine
- Vaccines
- Sanitation improvements
etc.
Neutrophils
(Small and short living) Eliminate diseased and damaged cells by engulfing the cell.
Mucus
Mucus traps bacteria and pathogens stopping them from entering the bloodstream. Mucus is in the nose and throat.
Meaning of infectious disease and examples:
Infectious disease contain a pathogen and is commonly spread via vectors, droplets, contact, incorrect sanitation and personal hygiene.
E.g.: AIDS, malaria, influenza and E.coli
B- cells
Makes antibodies against antigens, and develop into memory B- cells after activation by antigen interaction.
Passive immunity
short-term immunity
Passive Natural immunity
Antibodies passed along from mother to child through the placenta or breast milk.
Passive Artificial
Doctors injecting antibodies.
Complement response:
Release cytokines to tell other cells nearby that there is a pathogen close by.
How is a pathogen transmitted
Pathogens can be transmitted through skin contact, bodily fluids, contact with feces and vectors. This means that the pathogen has access to the new host.
Adaptive immune response:
Occurs after the exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or from a vaccination. Takes much longer than the innate immune response.
Antigen
Stimulates the immune response by activating white blood cells that fight disease.
Natural killer cells
Punch holes in pathogens and release cytokines.
Macrophages
(Large and long living) Eliminate diseased and damaged cells via engulfing the cell
Meaning of non- infectious disease
Disease such as cancer, tumors and mental disease do bot spread and infect others and are not caused by pathogens, they are caused by genetics, malnutrition and lifestyle choices.
3rd line of defense explanation:
Is specific and adapts to each type of pathogen. There are two types of lymphocytes B- cells and T- cells.
1rst line of defense explanation
A physical barrier to stop the pathogen from entering the bloodstream. E.g. skin, mucus, stomach acids, tears and urine flow.
Histamine function:
Makes blood capillaries permeable so the white blood cells can move into the site of infection efficiently.
