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Biology > Cellular Activity > Flashcards

Cellular Activity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Facilitated Diffusion explanation:

A

Passive transport of molecules or ions across the cell membrane, with assistance from membrane proteins.

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2
Q

Lysosomes function

A

Break down excess or worn out cells parts.

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3
Q

Anaerobic respiration:

A

Glucose breaks down without oxygen. The chemical reaction transfers energy from glucose to the cell. Produces lactic acid.

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4
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates. Produces carbon dioxide and water.

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5
Q

What are the six stages of Mitosis and explain Anaphase:

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposites ends of the cell.

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6
Q

Three features of cell theory

A
  • All cells are made from cells and cell products
  • Cells are the building blocks of living
  • All cells are made up of pre- existing cells.
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7
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

Surface area divided by the volume = SA:V

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8
Q

Vacuole function

A

Isolates waste product from the cell. In plant cells the vacuole holds water in the cell.

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9
Q

Three life processes performed by all forms of life:

A
  • Grow
  • Reproduce
  • Utilize energy
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10
Q

Explain how the cell membrane controls the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment:

A

By having protein channels that act like funnels and pumps.

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11
Q

4 specialized cells and there function:

A

Red blood cells: Carries oxygen to body tissues that require it.
Neuron: Transmits electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.
Sperm sell: Transfers genes from male to female gamete.
White blood cell: Help the body fight infections and other diseases.

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12
Q

Osmosis explanation

A

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a lower concentration solute to a higher concentration of solute.

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13
Q

Endocytosis Explanation:

A

The process when cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.

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14
Q

How is it possible that cells produced by mitosis are clones to the parent cell:

A

Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells that each have the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell.

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15
Q

How is the surface area to volume ratio of cells critical to their survival:

A

The surface area gets smaller as the cell gets larger. If a cell grows beyond a certain limit, not enough material will be able to cross the membrane fast enough to accommodate the increased cellular volume.

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16
Q

Exocytosis explanation:

A

Exocytosis is when cells move materials from with the cell into the extracellular fluid.

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17
Q

Why does a small cell have a large SA:V ratio:

A

Smaller cells have a much greater surface area to volume ratio to allow material to diffuse throughout the entire volume of the cell quickly.

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18
Q

Structure of the cell membrane that allows it to let some substances through it but not other substances:

A

It is semipermeable. Selectively controls exchange of materials.

19
Q

Prokaryotic cells and examples

A

Prokaryotic cells are 1-10 micro meters in size. The DNA is circular. Undergo binary fission to divide cells. Single cellular

  • Algae
  • Bacteria
  • E.coli
20
Q

What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

A
  • Cell Membrane
  • Vacuoles
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
21
Q

Describe the structure of the semipermeable cell membrane: (In order)

A

Phospholipid bi-layer Facilitated diffusion, Phospho. Active transport with pump proteins and ATP, Phospho, Receptor protein and specific hormone, Phospho, Glycoprotein.

22
Q

Cell membrane Function

A

Separates and protects the cytoplasm from the external environment. Transports nutrients into the cell and also to transports toxic substances out of the cell.

23
Q

What are the organelles in a eukaryotic cell

A

Nucleus, Nuclear membrane, ribosomes, Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, mitochondria, vacuole, lysosome, cell membrane, cytoplasm.

24
Q

Hypertonic Cells:

A

Have less water than a cell. Seawater is hypertonic. If you place an animal or plant cell in a hypertonic solution, it shrinks because it loses water.

25
Q

Eukaryotic cells and examples:

A

Eukaryotic cells are 10-100 micro meters in size. Linear chromosomes. Membrane bound organelles. Undergo mitosis.

  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Protist’s
26
Q

Where do cells comes from:

A

Come from pre- existing cells via cell division.

27
Q

Worded equation of Lactic Acid Fermentation:

A

Glucose= Lactic Acid

28
Q

Types of Proteins in cell membrane and function:

A

Receptor proteins: Bind to specialized proteins

Channel Proteins: Lets molecules or Ions through the cell membrane.

29
Q

Cell membrane

A

Provides a fixed environment inside the cell. Transport substances in and out the cell.

30
Q

Cell Wall:

A

Provides strength and protection against osmotic stress in plant cells.

31
Q

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum:

A

Transports and builds up proteins.

32
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls and regulates cellular activity.

33
Q

Golgi body

A

Packages and secretes proteins.

34
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration, which produces ATP.

35
Q

Ribosomes

A

Translates messages form the cell’s nucleus. Undergoes protein synthesis.

36
Q

Worded equation of Photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water = Light and chlorophyll = Glucose + oxygen

37
Q

Worded equation of Alcohol Fermentation:

A

Glucose = Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

38
Q

Worded equation of aerobic respiration:

A

Glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water

39
Q

Diffusion explanation

A

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

40
Q

Compare active and transport with regard to concentration gradient and energy requirement

A

Active transport requires energy for the movement of molecules whereas passive transport does not require energy. In active transport, the molecules move against the concentration gradient whereas in passive transport, the molecules move along the concentration gradient.

41
Q

Passive processes

A
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • (Energy not required)
42
Q

Active processes

A
  • Endocytosis
  • Exocytosis
  • (Requires cell to spend energy)
43
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis.

44
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Holds the components of the cell and protects them from damage.

Biology (11 decks)

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