Infectious Disease Worksheet Flashcards
What is the causative agent of chickenpox?
Varicella Zoster Virus
What are the signs and symptoms of chickenpox?
Fever, itchy rash (starting on trunk), malaise
What are nursing considerations for chickenpox?
Prevent scratching, monitor for secondary infections, encourage hydration, maintain airborne/contact precautions
What causes Fifth Disease?
Parvovirus B19
What are the signs and symptoms of Fifth Disease?
“Slapped cheek” rash, lacy rash on trunk/extremities, mild fever
What are nursing considerations for Fifth Disease?
Educate families on rash stages, avoid exposure to pregnant women, use standard precautions
What is the causative agent of influenza?
Influenza virus A or B
What are common symptoms of influenza?
Fever, chills, body aches, sore throat, cough, fatigue
What are nursing considerations for influenza?
Encourage vaccination, monitor respiratory status, promote hydration, use droplet precautions
What is the causative agent of measles?
Measles virus
What are hallmark signs of measles?
High fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots, maculopapular rash
What nursing care is essential for measles?
Monitor respiratory status, prevent dehydration, support with vitamin A if severe, educate on MMR vaccine
What causes meningococcal meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis
What are the signs and symptoms of meningococcal meningitis?
Fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, photophobia, altered mental status, petechial or purpuric rash
What are key nursing considerations for meningococcal meningitis?
Monitor neuro status, initiate droplet precautions, manage fluids, seizure precautions, administer IV antibiotics
What is the cause of mononucleosis (mono)?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
What are the signs and symptoms of mono?
Fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged spleen, body aches
What should nurses monitor and teach with mono?
Avoid contact sports (splenic rupture risk), support rest/hydration, monitor for jaundice and throat swelling
What causes pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis (bacteria)
What are the three stages of pertussis and their symptoms?
Catarrhal stage: Runny nose, mild cough, low fever
Paroxysmal stage: Severe coughing fits with “whoop,” post-cough vomiting, fatigue, cyanosis
Convalescent stage: Gradual improvement of cough
What are nursing considerations for pertussis?
Monitor airway and respiratory status, suction infants, oxygen as needed, educate on DTaP/Tdap, give prophylaxis to contacts
