Chapter 17: Immunizations And Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What are the four types of immunity, and how are they achieved?
- Natural Passive Immunity: Acquired when a person receives preformed antibodies naturally—such as maternal IgG transferred via the placenta or IgA in breast milk.
- Natural Active Immunity: Developed after exposure to a live pathogen in the community, creating memory cells.
- Artificial Active Immunity: Achieved by vaccination, exposing an individual to an antigen in a controlled way.
- Artificial Passive Immunity: Obtained through the administration of antibodies from an external source, providing immediate but temporary protection.
What is an example of Natural Passive Immunity?
Newborns protected against infections through maternal antibodies.
What is an example of Natural Active Immunity?
A child recovering from chickenpox develops long-lasting immunity.
What is an example of Artificial Active Immunity?
Measles vaccine.
What is an example of Artificial Passive Immunity?
Hepatitis B immune globulin given after exposure.
What are common vaccine reactions?
Mild reactions include local redness, swelling, tenderness at the injection site, and low-grade fever. Severe reactions may present as anaphylaxis.
How do you differentiate mild from severe allergic reactions?
Mild reactions are localized and resolve on their own, while severe reactions are systemic and life-threatening if not treated promptly.
What is considered a true contraindication to vaccination?
A true contraindication is a condition in which vaccination should not be given, such as a history of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the vaccine.
What information is required for proper vaccine documentation?
Proper documentation must include the name of the vaccine and the manufacturer, lot or batch number, date of administration, route and site of administration, the signature or initials of the administering provider, and any observed or reported adverse reactions.
