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Skin/MS Week 5 > Infectious disease--Diebel > Flashcards

Infectious disease--Diebel Flashcards

1
Q

What micoorganisms are associated with Necrotizing Fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (gram + cocci)

and

Clostridium perfringens (gram + bacilli)

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2
Q

What organisms are associated with Acute Infectious Arthritis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (gram + cocci)

and

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gram - diplococci)

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3
Q

What microoganism is associated with Osteomyelitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (Gram + cocci)

Salmonella typhi (Gram - bacilli)

Pasteurella multocida (Gram - coccobacilli)

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4
Q

What microorganisms are associated with Myositis?

A

Clostridium perfringens (gram + bacilli)

Staphylococcus aureus (gram + cocci)

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5
Q

Coxackievirus A & B

A

ssRNA (+)

Group IV

Nonsegmented

Icosahedral

non-enveloped

picornaviridae

Coxsackie B virus accounts for 50% of cases of viral myocarditis

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6
Q

Dengue Fever Virus

A

ssRNA (+)

Group IV

Flavivirdae

Enveloped

Icosahedral

“breakbone fever” (fever with hemorrage and shock)

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7
Q

High fever (103), a swollen lower left leg with multiple necrotic-appearning lesions, and pain while walking.

What might this be?

What lab values would you expect?

A

walking pain = osteomyelitis

microorganisms = Staph aureus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pyogenes less likely)

Expect high WBC (>11,000) and ESR

Gram stain and cultures to definitively diagnose

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8
Q

Rapid onset of skin discoloration, high fever, high HR, and low BP.

What might it be?

Labs?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

Streptococcus pyogenes most likely. (Clostridium perfringens is another possibility)

high ESR, high CRP, high WBC

should see a high level of banded neutrophils

Start IV antibiotic and get surgical consultation fast!!

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9
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Deeper tissue injury, usually from anaerobic bacteria or S. pyogenes.

Results in crepitus from methane and C02 production.

“Flesh-eating bacteria.” Causes bullae and a purple color to the skin.

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10
Q

myositis

A

infection of the muscle that leads to muscle inflammation.

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11
Q

bacteremia

A

the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

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12
Q

viremia

A

the presence of virus in the bloodstream

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13
Q

septicemia

A

bloodborne systemic infection. can lead ot spread of the infectious organism to other tissues, massive inflammation, septic shock, and rapid death. Associated with bacerial infections

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14
Q

almost always begin as a local infection in a specific organ

A

bacteremia and septicemia

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15
Q

nectrotizing fasciitis

A

deep tissue infection that destroys tissue below skin and above muscle. streptococcus pyrogenes and clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

WBCs and WBC count

A

Normal range = 4,500 to 11,000 cells/ml

17
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A

produced in liver

IL-6 by innate immune response travels to the liver and stimulates the production of C-Reactive Protein

18
Q

foul smeeling body fluid might suggest what?

A

obligate anaerobe infection

19
Q

Acute infectious arthritis

A

staphylococcus aureus and neisseria gonorrhoeae

20
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi. Common symptoms are localized bone pain and tenderness.

Diagnosis is by imaging studies and cultures.

Treatment is with antibiotics and surgery. Staphylococcus aureus (>50%), Salmonella typhi, Pasteurella multocida

21
Q

Myositis

A

Infections of muscles leading to inflammation.

Many forms including clostridial myositis, viral infections, and helminth infections. Although myalgia can occur in most of these infections, severe muscle pain is the hallmark of pleurodynia (coxsackievirus B), trichinellosis, and bacterial infection. Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Coxsackievirus A & B, Dengue Fever Virus

22
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae timescale

A

first week: detectable in blood

after that: gradually disappears from the bloodstream and takes residence in synovial fluid.

23
Q

Most necrotizing fasciitis cases result from infection with ______________ or a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria such as …

A

group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes); such as Bacteroides species.

24
Q

Gas gangrene

A

usually follows sever penetrating injuries.

Typically caused by Clostridium perfringens. This is a type of myositis!

25
Q

What virus accounts for 50% of viral myocarditis cases?

A

Coxackievirus B.

Causes pleurodynia (severe pain in the muscles between the ribs or in the diaphragm), myocarditis (inflammation of heart muscles), pericarditis (inflammation of the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).

26
Q

A patient presents with flu-like symptomes with severe join and muscle pain. The patient has a recent history of traveling to southern Asia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Dengue Fever Virus (found in tropics worldwide). Transmitted via mosquito. A hallmark of this disease is “breakbone fever”

27
Q

What is the leading cause of osteomyelitis in children and adults?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

(Gram +, catalase +, coagulase +).

Treat with penicillinase-resistant penicillins or vancomycin.

28
Q

How do you diagnose a Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection?

A

aspartate joint fluid/get culture.

Gram -

diplococci with speciallized pili,

metabolizes glucose but not maltose,

grows selectively on Thayer-Martin media.

29
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

bacteria, gram +, cocci, catalase -, beta-hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive. Common cause of Necrotizing fasciitis.

30
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

bacteria, gram +, bacilli, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe, non-motile. Common cause of necrotizing fasciitis

31
Q

You get a WBC differential and are looking for a viral infection, what cell level should you check?

A

lymphocyte (commonly elevated in viral infections, TB, or typhoid).

32
Q

“left shift” neutrophile count

A

suggests an overwhelming acute infection

33
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

bacteria, gram -, bacilli, lactose non-fermenter, oxidase -, produces H2S, motile

34
Q

pasteurella multocida

A

bacteria, gram -, coccobacilli (pleomorphic), oxidase +, catalase +

Skin/MS Week 5 (9 decks)

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