Cartilage and Bone--Downing - Sheet1

Question 1

hyaline cartilage

Answer 1

Most common

Type II collagen

Lacunae & isogenous groups

Perichondrium Nutrition Growth–serves as a model for future bone growth

Question 2

elastic cartilage

Answer 2

Less common (ear cartilage, epiglottis) Elastic fibers (eosinophilic) Type II collagen Lacunae & isogenous groups Perichondrium Nutrition (avascular, diffusion of O2 and nutrients)

Question 3

fibrocartilage

Answer 3

Not common (annulus fibrosis)

Type I collagen (no elastic fibers)

Lacunae & isogenous groups–linear formations

No perichondrium

Question 4

appositional growth of cartilage

Answer 4

Occurs only during development, and is cartilage growing thicker

Question 5

interstitial growth of cartilage

Answer 5

cartilage growing longer

Question 6

perichondrium

Answer 6

a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone.

Present in elastic and hyaline cartilage

Question 7

chondrocyte

Answer 7

The only cells found in healthy cartilage.

Produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.

Preside in lacuna (and isogenous groups).

Question 8

lacuna

Answer 8

place in which a chondrocyte resides (surrounding area?)

Question 9

isogenous group

Answer 9

lacunae with 2 or more chondrocytes

Question 10

proteoglycan aggrecan

Answer 10

Highly negative charge.

Chondroitin sulfates + keratan sulfates covalently bound to protein backbone.

Question 11

differentiate between cancellous and compact bone

Answer 11

cancellous = spongy bone

compact = dense bond (found in exteriors)

Question 12

periosteum

Answer 12

a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones.

fibrous outer layer: fibroblasts, collagen, elastin, protection of bone.

osteogenic (inner) layer: ostoblasts, osteoprogenitor, and osteoclast location.

Question 13

osteoblast

Answer 13

located on bone surface, basophilic, deposits osteoid (calcium), becomes osteocyte upon integration into bone. Have canaliculi (communications with gap junctions)

Question 14

osteoclast

Answer 14

large, multinucleated, and derived from circulating monocytes, involved in bone resorption. Membranes has microvilli that pump out H+, has lysosomal hydrolases.

Question 15

osteocyte

Answer 15

Maintenance of matrix and regulation of calcium Death of osteocytes results in resorption of matrix Communicate with one another and with osteoblasts via a canaliculus with gap junctions

Question 16

Haversian system and osteon

Answer 16

Surround vascular passageways running longitudinally Contain blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics

Question 17

Volkmann’s canal

Answer 17

Observed in compact bone

Vascular passages that run perpendicular

Contain nerve, vein, artery, lymph

Question 18

Haversian canal

Answer 18

central portion of lamellae in haversian system

runs longitudinally

Question 19

lamellae

Answer 19

Interstitial (remnants of older osteons due to osteoclast “drills”) and outer circumfrential lamellae.

Question 20

epiphyseal plate

Answer 20

Junction between diaphysis and epiphysis

Zones: cartilage–> proliferating cartilage –> hypertrophied cartilage –> calcified cartilage

Responsible for bone growth

Question 21

metaphysis

Answer 21

Distal ends of diaphysis

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 22

diaphysis

Answer 22

Bone shaft between epiphyseal plates

Mostly compact bone; metaphysis is spongy bone (cancellous)

Question 23

epiphysis

Answer 23

Distal ends of long bones

Articular cap of hyaline cartilage

Medullary cavity is cancellous and contains a marrow cavity

Question 24

endochondral bone formation

Answer 24

preformed hyaline cartilage model is turned to bone

Question 25

intramembranous bone formation

Answer 25

no preformed hyaline cartilage model. Bones of the skull, clavicle, more.

mesenchymal cells –> osteoblasts –> bone made.

spicules –> radiate outward, form complete bone.

Question 26

chondronectin

Answer 26

adhesive glycoprotein with multiple binding sites: adherence of chondrocytes to type II collagen

Question 27

hydroxyapatitie crystals

Answer 27

hydrophilic

facilitate exchange between crystals and body fluid.

Question 28

What is responsible for binding together of all bone cells and collagen?

Answer 28

glycoproteins!

(there are 3 of them: osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin)

Question 29

Area in which a chondrocyte resides (surrounding area?)

Answer 29

lacuna