Anterior Leg and Dorsum of Foot Flashcards
Tarsal bones
“Tiger Cubs Need MILC”
In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral): Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, [Cuboid], Medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, Metatarsals, Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
Subtalar joint
joint between talus and calcaneus
Transverse tarsal joint
Two joints: Talocalcaneonavicular and Calcaneocuboid (synovial joints)
amputation of the foot often occurs here
Crural fascia
Deep facia of the leg.
Continuous above with the fascia lata, and is attached around the knee to the patella, the ligamentum patellæ, the tuberosity and condyles of the tibia, and the head of the fibula.
Pes anserinus
3 muscles located at the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia.
Semitendinosus, Sartorius, Gracilis.
Pes anserinus bursitis is a common finding in patients and/or athletes who present with complaints of anterior knee pain.
Extensor retinacula
Supeior: tibia to fibula above the malleoli
Inferior: Y-shaped, loops around fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus from the calcaneus.
Tibialis anterior muscle
Lies on lateral surface of the tibia.
** Anterior Tibial artery **
Deep fibular nerve (L4-L5).
Foot dorsiflexion and inversion. Most medial and superficial dorsiflexor of anterior compartment. It is the strongest dorsiflexor but also inverts the foot because of its attachment to the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal.
Extensor hallucis longus muscle
Originates from the middle part of the anterior fibula and the interosseous membrane. It inserts into the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx of the great toe.
Anterior tibial artery.
Deep fibular nerve.
Extends great tow and dorsiflexes ankle.
Extensor digitorum longus muscle
This muscle originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia, the interosseous membrane and the superior ¾ of the fibula. It inserts by 4 tendons into the middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th toes.
**Anterior tibial artery **
Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1).
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle
Originates at distal third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane. Inserts at dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal.
**Anterior tibial artery **
Deep fibular nerve (L5-S1).
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Lies on the anterior interosseous membrane. Easily injured.
Originates from the common fibular nerve.
Supplies muscle of anterior compartment of leg.
Anterior tibial artery
Popliteal artery divides in the posterior knee into the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery.
Extensor digitorum brevis/Extensor hallucis brevis muscles
Intrinsic muscle of the foot. Originates from the calcaneus and its tendons attach to the long flexor tendons of four digits (EDL). Innervation by the deep fibular nerve. EHB attaches to the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the great toe with EHL.
Dorsalis pedis artery
anterior/superior (top) of foot. Continuation of the anterior tibeal artery.
Dorsal interossei muscles
originate at metatarsal bones. Lateral Plantar nerve (superficial/deep branch)
Fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle
Fibularis longus originates from the head and superior 2/3 of the fibula and inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform. Eversion and weak plantarflexion. Anterior tibial artery, fibular artery. Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2).
Fibular (peroneal) retinacula
fibrous bands which bind down the tendons of the Peronæi longus and brevis as they run across the lateral side of the ankle.
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
innervates the two muscles in the lateral compartment and then supplies cutaneous innervation to dorsum of foot. Cutaneous branches on the foot become the 1st, 4th – 9th dorsal digital nerves. Dorsal digital 10 is termination of the sural nerve.
Patella and Patellar ligament (tendon)
inferor ligament of patella. Connects to tibial tuberosity.
Tibial collateral ligament
aka MCL. It is attached proximally to the medial epicondyle of femur immediately below the adductor tubercle; below to the medial condyle of the tibia and medial surface of its body.
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
from the lateral epicondyle of the femur above, to the head of the fibula below
Anterior and Posterior cruciate ligaments
Anterior cruciate (weaker) 1. Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia (hyperextension) 2. Attaches to tibia anteriorly 3. Common injury in ski accidents 4. Poorer blood supply than PCL Posterior cruciate 1. Stronger of the two 2. Attaches to the tibia posteriorly 3. Tightens during flexion of the knee joint, preventing anterior displacement of femur or posterior displacement of tibia
Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus
MM: C-shaped and firmly adherent to the deep surface of the tibial collateral ligament LM: Circular, and separated from the fibular collateral ligament by the tendon of the popliteus muscle
Infrapatellar fat pad
a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated under and behind the patella bone within the knee.
