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Pediatrics > Infectious Disease and Immunizations > Flashcards

Infectious Disease and Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which immunity is considered long-lasting?
  2. Which immunity provide temporary protection that wanes with time?
A
  1. Active
  2. Passive
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2
Q

Which immunity is transferred from another human or animal?

Passive or active

A

Passive

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3
Q

Which type of immunity is due to natural infection or vaccination?

Passive or Active

A

Active

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4
Q

Why is immune globulin given?

which type of immunity does this fall under?

A

given to children that cannot get vaccines due to being immunocomprosed

Passive

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5
Q

What are the guidelines for administring multiple live vaccines?

A
  • Must be given at the same time
  • **or 28 days apart **from each other
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6
Q

What are the three classifications of vaccines?

A
  1. Live attenuated
  2. Inactivated
  3. Recombinant vaccines
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7
Q

Which classification of vaccine requires multiple doses?

A

Inactivated

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8
Q

Which classification of vaccine is produced by genetic engineering?

What are two examples of?

A

Recombinant vaccines

HPV and Heb B

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9
Q

Which vaccine classification usually only requires one dose and a modification of a disease producing virus or bacteria?

A

Live attenuated

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10
Q

Which classification of vaccine contains a weakened virus/bacteria that retains its ability to replicate?

A

Live attenuated

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11
Q

What type of general contraindication is given for vaccines that cause a moderate or severe acute illness w/ or w/o fever?

A

Precaution

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12
Q

What type of general contraindication is given for all vaccines that cause a severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis)?

A

Permanent

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13
Q

True or False

There are no specific contraindications for certain vaccines

A

False

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14
Q

a set of rules and procedures that ensure the proper storage and distribution of vaccines is referred to as?

A

Cold chain

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15
Q

What six things should you document when administering a vaccine?

A
  1. Vaccine manufacturer
  2. Lot number
  3. Injection site
  4. Date of administration
  5. Vaccine Information Statement
  6. Name & Title of person administrating vaccine
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16
Q
  1. What is the first vaccine given to children?
  2. When is it given by?
A
  1. Heb B
  2. Within 2 weeks of birth
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17
Q

Which age do you follow to vaccinate premature infants?

A

Preterm infants should receive the full dose at the appropriate chronologic age.

The age from his actual birth is his chronological age

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18
Q

True or False

Vaccines in a series cannot be given sooner than indicated.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the mercury-containing compound found in trace amounts in some vaccines?

misconceived to be a link to autism

A

Thimerosal

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20
Q

When should vaccines be drawn into syringes?

A

Immediately prior to administration

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21
Q

Name three (non-pharmalogical) pain control methods for pediatrics

A
  1. Distraction
  2. Child on parent’s lap
  3. Ice to numb
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22
Q

True or False

Vaccines can be mixed in the same syringe unless contraindicated by the FDA

A

False

FDA informs which vaccines can be mixed together; not contraindicated

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23
Q

What angle should IM injection be given at?

A

90

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24
Q

What angle should SubQ be injected at?

A

45

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25
Q

Which area is recommened for IM injection in infants < 1?

A

anterolateral thigh muscle

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26
Q

Which area is recommended for IM injection in children (> 1) ?

A

Thickest portion of deltoid

avoid the acromion processs

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27
Q

Where is the injection site for SubQ after 1 year of age?

A

Tricep

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28
Q
  1. The nurse should pinch up the skin for what type of injection?
  2. Which injection is spreading of the skin indicated?
A
  1. SubQ
  2. IM
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29
Q

Which stage of infectious disease is characterized by vague (non-specfic) symptoms?

A

Prodromal
(Catarrhal)

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30
Q

Which stage of infectious disease is the disease most contagious to others?

A

Prodromal
(Catarrhal)

commonly URI (rhinorrhea, sneezing, cough), low grade fever,

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31
Q

Which stage of infectious disease are the S&S most severe and distinct symptoms appear?

A

Constitutional (Paroxysmal) stage

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32
Q

What type of precaution would pertussis whooping cough be?

A

Contact, Droplet, and indirect contact w/ contaminated objects

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33
Q

What are the two permanent contraindications for DTap?

A
  1. Allergic reactions (Anaphylaxis)
  2. Brain of nervous system disease (seizures occur within 7 days)
34
Q

What vaccine is given preventively for pertussis?

A

DTap

Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis

35
Q

What should expectant mothers be notified regarding DTap?

A

should receive DTap during each pregnancy

preferably at 27 through 36 weeks.

36
Q

How is Pertussis Whooping Cough diagnosed?

A

Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate

PCR test

37
Q
  • What is the greatest complication with pertussis whooping cough?
  • Which stage would it occur during?
A
  • Pneumonia
  • Stage 3 Convalescent Stage (2-3 weeks)
38
Q

What is responsible for causing shingles later in life?

A

Varicella remaining latent in dorsal root ganglia

39
Q

How is varicella spread?

chicken pox

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Droplet
  3. Contact w/ contaminated objects
40
Q

When does a person with varicella begin and stop being contagious?

chicken pox

A
  • 1-2 days before rash
  • Contagion ceases when all lesions have crusted over

incubation period of varicella zoster is about 2-3 weeks

41
Q

How is varicella diagnosed?

A
  1. Physical assessment
  2. PCR
42
Q

What medication is contraindicated during varicella?

Why?

A

Aspirin

Risk for Reye’s syndrome

43
Q

What are the complications with varicella?

A

Secondary infections via lesions/skin

44
Q

When is the varicella vaccine permanently contraindicated?

A

Life threatening reactions to:
1. previous varicella vaccine
2. Gelatin
3. Neomycin

Not including rash, hives, etc

45
Q

When are live vaccines temporarily contraindicated?

A
  1. Pregnant women*
  2. Immunocompromised (HIV, Cancer treatment)
  3. Steroid regimen (wait 3 months)
  4. Blood transfusion (wait 3 months)

*month before pregnancy and month after confirmation of pregnancy

46
Q

Which two patient populations need to be monitored closely when exposed to fifth disease?

(Erythema Infectious)

A
  1. Pregnant women*
  2. Patients w/ sickle cell anemia

*risk for fetal demise

47
Q

How is fifth’s disease transmitted?

A
  1. Respiratory secretions
  2. Blood
48
Q

What are Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs used to assess for?

A

Bacterial Meningitis

49
Q

What is a positive Kernig’s sign?

A

Knee Extension pain

KErnig sig

50
Q

What is a positive Brudzinski sign

A

Neck Flexion causes Knee Flexion

51
Q

Which pathogen causes the most severe form of meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

52
Q

Which the of the following causes meningitis in newborns?

  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Streptococcus Group B
  5. Listeria Monocytogenes
  6. E. Coli
A
  1. Strep Group B
  2. E. Coli
  3. Listeria Monocytogenes
53
Q

Which the of the following causes meningitis in infants/children?

  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Streptococcus Group B
  5. Listeria Monocytogenes
  6. E. Coli
A
  1. Strep Group B
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. Neisseria meningitidis
  4. Haemophilus influenzae
54
Q

Which the of the following causes meningitis in Adolescents ?

  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Streptococcus Group B
  5. Listeria Monocytogenes
  6. E. Coli
A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
55
Q

Which the of the following DO NOT causes meningitis in Older adults

  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Streptococcus Group B
  5. Listeria Monocytogenes
  6. E. Coli
56
Q

How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed?

A
  1. Blood cultures
  2. Cerebral spinal fluid via spinal tap
57
Q

Which of the following do not have vaccines

  • Pertussis whooping cough
  • Varicella
  • Fifth Disease
  • Measles (rubeola)
  • Infectious mononucleosis (epstein-barr)
  • Bacterial meningitis
A
  • Fifth disease
  • Infectious mononucleosis
58
Q

What are the three live vaccines discussed?

A
  1. Varicella
  2. MMR
  3. Rotavirus
59
Q

Which two vaccines have a permanent contraindication for yeast allergy?

A
  1. Hep B
  2. HPV*

Human Papillomavirus

60
Q

acronym for what?

VAERS

A

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
(VAERS)

co-sponsored by the CDC and FDA

61
Q

What can hepatitis B cause if unvaccinated?

A

Cirrhosis* or liver cancer

Chronic liver damage leading to scarring and liver failure.

62
Q

Which vaccine prevents you from donating blood for 28 days?

A

Hep B vaccine
(may test positive for HBsAg and become permanently disqualified as blood donors.)

63
Q

Which vaccine should be given to by 18 years of age

A

Hep B vaccine

64
Q
  1. Which vaccine is given orally?
  2. How many doses are given?
A
  1. Rotavirus vaccine
  2. two-three doses depending on brand

(1st dose: 2 mo/ 2nd dose 4 mo/ 3rd dose 6 mo)

65
Q

Which vaccine is permanetly contraindicated if allergy to latex, previous case of intussusception, or immunosuppressant?

A

Rotavirus vaccine

Additionally: other live vaccine contraindications

66
Q

What is the most common STD?

sexually transmitted disease

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

67
Q

What can cause cervical, oral, vaginal, anal, and penile cancer?

A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

68
Q
  • Brief fainting spells and jerking movements has been associated w/ which vaccine?
  • What is the recommendation for this?
A
  • HPV vaccine
  • Wait in the office for 15 mins after administration

Human Papillomavirus

69
Q

What are the recommended ages for the HPV vaccine?

Human Papillomavirus

A
  • Famales through 26
  • Men through 21
70
Q

What is the only approved HPV vaccine in the U.S.?

A

Gardasil 9

71
Q

What are the three vaccines contraindicated during pregnancy?

A
  1. MMR
  2. Varicella
  3. HPV
72
Q

Which age is approved for Flu shot?

A

People older than 6 months

73
Q

How does varicella rash change over time?

Centripetal (starts at chest then outward)

A

Macular (flat) → papular (red bumps) → vesicular (fluid filled) → crusting

74
Q

What are the 3 stages of rash for Fifths Disease (Ertyhema Infectiosum)

A
  1. “Slapped cheeks”
  2. 1 day later, “lacy” maculopapular rash on extremities
  3. Rash subsides*

Polyarthropathy Syndrome (joint pain) starts

75
Q

Which disease is caused by parvovirus B19?

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

76
Q

Koplik spots are associated w/ which disease?

small, white spots on the mouth

A

Measles (Rubeola)

77
Q

What is the triad of mono?

3 most common symptoms of mono along w/ exhaustion

A
  1. Sore throat
  2. Fever
  3. General lymphadenopathy*

*Swollen lymph nodes

78
Q

How is infectious mononucleosis transmitted?

A
  1. Oral secretions
  2. Blood transfusion/transplantation
79
Q

Mengingitis photophobia is a clinical manifestation in infants or children/adolescence?

eye discomfort in bright lights

A

Children and Adolescents

80
Q

The nurse knows which signs or symptoms of measels (rubeola) are exhibited before the appearance of the rash?

A
  1. Coryza (common cold)
  2. Cough
  3. Conjunctivitis

Rmb: 3 C’s of Measles (Rubeola)

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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