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infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin V potassium (PO), penicillin G potassium (IV

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic (natural penicillin)

Pharyngitis, SSTI

Activity against: Streptococcus pyogenes

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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2
Q

amoxicillin (PO)

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin)

Otitis media, pharyngitis

Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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3
Q

ampicillin (PO, IV)

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin)

Intrapartum group B Streptococcus prophylaxis

Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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4
Q

amoxicillin and clavulanate (PO)

A

Augmentin, Augmentin XR

Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor

Otitis media, bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions
Other Notes: various ratios of amoxicillin and clavulanate available

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5
Q

ampicillin and sulbactam (IV)

A

Unasyn

Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor

DFI, IAI

Activity against: MSSA, Bacteroides species

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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6
Q

piperacillin and tazobactam (IV)

A

Zosyn

Beta-lactam antibiotic (aminopenicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor

HAP, DFI, IAI

Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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7
Q

oxacillin (IV)

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic (penicillinase-resistant penicillin)

CRBSI, endocarditis, SSTI

Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, elevated hepatic transaminases

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8
Q

cephalexin (PO)

A

Keflex

SSTI

Beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin)

MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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9
Q

cefazolin (IV)

A

Ancef, Kefzol

Beta-lactam antibiotic (first generation cephalosporin)

Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, CRBSI, SSTI

Activity against: MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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10
Q

cefuroxime (IV, PO)

A

IV: Zinacef,
PO: Ceftin

Beta-lactam antibiotic (second generation cephalosporin)

Bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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11
Q

cefdinir (PO)

A

Omnicef

Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)

Otitis media, bacterial sinusitis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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12
Q

cefotaxime (IV)

A

Claforan

Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)

Meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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13
Q

ceftriaxone (IV, IM

A

Rocephin

Beta-lactam antibiotic (third generation cephalosporin)

Meningitis, CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

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14
Q

cefepime (IV)

A

Maxipime

Beta-lactam antibiotic (fourth generation cephalosporin)

Meningitis, CAP, HAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures or encephalopathy with excessive doses

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15
Q

meropenem (IV)

A

Merrem

Carbapenem

Meningitis, HAP, DFI, IAI
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions, seizures with excessive doses

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16
Q

ciprofloxacin (PO, IV)

A

Cipro

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals

Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

17
Q

levofloxacin (PO, IV)

A

Levaquin

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

CAP, pyelonephritis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals

Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

18
Q

moxifloxacin (ophthalmic, PO, IV)

A

Ophthalmic: Vigamox,
PO, IV: Avelox

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Ophthalmic: bacterial conjunctivitis,
PO, IV: CAP
Activity against: Streptococcus pneumoniae, atypicals

Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, QTc prolongation, tendon rupture, increased hepatic transaminases, photosensitivity
US Boxed Warnings: may cause disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects; may exacerbate muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis
Other Notes: take oral fluoroquinolones 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements); safety alerts added in 2018 for increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture, dysglycemias, CNS side effects (including disorientation and delirium)

19
Q

azithromycin (PO, IV)

A

Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax
Macrolide antibiotic
CAP
Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, QTc prolongation

20
Q

clarithromycin (PO, IV)

A

Biaxin, Biaxin XL
Macrolide antibiotic
CAP
Activity against: Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis, atypicals

Key Side Effects: diarrhea, metallic taste, QTc prolongation

21
Q

doxycycline (PO, IV)

A

Vibramycin, Doryx
Tetracycline antibiotic
SSTI, CAP
Activity against: MRSA, atypicals

Key Side Effects: esophagitis, photosensitivity
Other Notes: may cause permanent gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to pediatric populations; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements)

22
Q

minocycline (PO, IV)

A

Minocin
Tetracycline antibiotic
SSTI
Activity against: MRSA

Key Side Effects: vestibular side effects, photosensitivity
Other Notes: may cause permanent gray-brown discoloration of teeth and/or enamel hypoplasia when given to pediatric populations; take oral tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after products containing divalent or trivalent cations (e.g., dairy products, calcium-fortified juices, oral multivitamins, mineral supplements)

23
Q

Clindamycin (PO, IV)

A

Cleocin
Lincosamide antibiotic
clindamycin (PO, IV) Cleocin Lincosamide antibiotic SSTI, pharyngitis
Activity against: MRSA Key Side Effects: diarrhea, Clostridium difficile diarrhea
US Boxed Warnings: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis

24
Q

sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (PO, IV)

A

Bactrim, Bactrim DS
Sulfonamide antibiotic
SSTI
Activity against: MRSA
Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes (rarely SJS or TEN), hyperkalemia, increased serum creatinine, hypersensitivity reactions
Other Notes: fixed ratio (8:1) of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim; dosing based on trimethoprim component

25
Q

nitrofurantoin (PO)

A 
Macrobid
Urinary antibiotic
Cystitis
Activity against: Escherichia coli
Key Side Effects: nausea, pulmonary fibrosis (chronic use)
26
Q

gentamicin (IV)

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic
gentamicin (IV) — Aminoglycoside antibiotic HAP, pyelonephritis, neonatal sepsis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli Key Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
gentamicin (IV) — Aminoglycoside antibiotic HAP, pyelonephritis, neonatal sepsis
Activity against: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli Key Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

27
Q

vancomycin (IV, PO)

A

Vancocin
Glycopeptide antibiotic
IV: SSTI, HAP, meningitis, endocarditis, CRBSI
PO: CDI
Activity against: MRSA, Clostridium difficile

vancomycin (IV, PO) Vancocin Glycopeptide antibiotic IV: SSTI, HAP, meningitis, endocarditis, CRBSI
PO: CDI
Activity against: MRSA, Clostridium difficile Key Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, Red Man’s syndrome
Other Notes: ISMP-high alert medication if given intrathecal

28
Q

metronidazole (PO, IV)

A

Flagyl
Antibiotic
Anaerobic infections, CDI
Activity against: Bacteroides species, Clostridium difficile
Key Side Effects: nausea, metallic taste, alcohol intolerance, peripheral neuropathy (long-term use)

29
Q

mupirocin (topical)

A

Bactroban
Antibiotic
MRSA decolonization
Key Side Effects: no major side effects

APC Drugs (15 decks)

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