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Emed 1 > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of cervicitis

A

Vaginal dc (yellow, creamy, profuse)

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2
Q

how to dx gonorrhea

A

NAAT

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3
Q

MCC disseminated gonococcal cervicitis

A

acute septic arthritis, presents with joint pain

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4
Q

how to tx gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone IM

cefixime PO + azithromycin PO

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5
Q

50% of people infected with gonorrhea are coinfected with

A

chlamydia

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6
Q

S/S chlamydia

A

clear/white discharge in men

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7
Q

common complication of chlamydia in men

A

reiters syndrome

  • conjunctivitis
  • urethritis
  • arthritis
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8
Q

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome

A
  • from GC or chlamydia
  • liver adhesions form PID
  • RUQ pain, LFTs normal
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9
Q

chlamydia tx

A

azithromycin PO

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10
Q

trichomonas tx

A

metronidazole

Clotrimazole vaginal suppositories for pregnant patients

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11
Q

where do scabies present

A

Lesions to finger webs, Flexor & extensor surfaces,

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12
Q

how to tx scabies

A
  • permethrin 5%

- PO ivermectin

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13
Q

primary syphillus (treponema pallidium) presents with

A

-chancre (single painless ulcer at site of exposure, first manifestation)

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14
Q

secondary syphillus presents with

A

Maculopapular rash involving palms & soles week sot months after infection

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15
Q

tertiary syphillus presents with

A

neuro/cardio symptoms, ulcerating gumma months to year after secondary

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16
Q

how to dx syphillus

A
  • RPR/VDRL are screening tests, - following tx

- FTA-ABS, MHA-TP are confirmatory, remains + after tx

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17
Q

how to tx primary adn secondary syphillus

A
  • Benzathine PCN G

- tetra or doxy if allergic

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18
Q

HSV-1

HSV-2

A

-oral
-genital
multiple vesicles on an erythematous base, which eventually ulcerate

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19
Q

prodrome symptoms of herpes

A

tenderness, itching, burning or tingling prior to ulcer appearance

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20
Q

how to dx herpes

A
  • Gold standard is Viral culture: Tzanck/Geimsa/ Wright smear multinucleated giant cells
  • PCR is the most sensitive test available , but is limited by cost
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21
Q

how to tx first episode of herpes

A
  • acyclovir PO TID
  • famciclovir
  • valacyclovir
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22
Q

how does herpes zoster present

A

Pain along course of a nerve followed by grouped vesicular lesions
Unilateral
same tx as herpes

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23
Q

HIV tests

A
  • Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)= “screening test”
  • Western blot (WB)= “confirmatory test”
  • HIV viral load (measures copies/ mL)- often PCR
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24
Q

AIDS is defined as CD4 count <

A

200
PCP (MC opportunistic infection of AIDS, ground glass appearance on xray, tx with bactrim)
TB (upper lobe involvement)

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25
Q

advanced HIV w/CD4 count <50 can indicate

A

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

26
Q

toxoplasma encephalitis presents with what on a CT

A

Ring-enhancing lesions w/ surrounding vasogenic edema

27
Q

ophthalmic manifestations of AIDS

A

75% of pt’s w/ AIDS develop ocular complications
CMV retinitis - most frequent & serious ocular opportunistic infection & leading cause of blindness in AIDS patients
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (dendritic lesions)-tx with IV acyclovir

28
Q

how to tx CMV

A

ganciclovir or foscarnet

29
Q

how to tx MAC

A

Clarithromycin + Ethambutol + Rifabutin

30
Q

hwo to tx pulmonary TB

A

Isoniazid + Rifabutin + Pyrazinamide + Streptomycin

31
Q

how to tx CNS toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + Folinic acid

32
Q

how to tx CN cryptococcus

A

Amphotericin & Fluconazole

33
Q

how to treat candidiasis

A

Clotrimazole or Nystatin

34
Q

how to tx esophagitis

A

fluconazole

35
Q

how to tx salmonellosis

A

cipro

36
Q

cellulitis

A

Soft-tissue bacterial invasion m/c w/ Staphylococcus & Streptococcus in adults & Haemophilus influenzae in nonimmunized children

37
Q

cellulitis presentation

A

Localized tenderness, warmth, erythema & induration
Progression to lymphangitis & lymphadenitis
Bacteremia w/ fever & chills

38
Q

what labs should you order for suspected cellulits

A

Baseline labs + blood cultures + leukocyte counts+ lactic acid

39
Q

hwo to tx outpt cellulitis

inpt

A

dicloxacillin, augmentin, clarithromycin

IV cefazolin or nafcillinm for DM ceftriaxone or imipenem

40
Q

how to tx mild
moderate
severe MRSA

A

clinda or bactrim
clinda or vanco/linezolid if worsening
vanco or linezolid

41
Q

Superficial cellulitis w/ lymphatic involvement: Group A Strep

A

erysipelas
Small area of erythema w/ burning sensation
Sharply demarcated erythema that is tense & painful
Lymphangitis & lymphadenitis commonly develops

42
Q

how to tx erysipelas

A

PCN G

43
Q

honey colored crusts

A 
impetigo
tx w/mupirocin
if no response then PO anbx 
Dicloxacillin
Cephalexin,
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
44
Q

Recurrent infection of apocrine sweat glands (axilla & groin)

A

hiradenitis suppurativa

45
Q

MCC foliculitis

A

p. aeruginosa

46
Q

MCC furuncle/carbuncle

A

s. aureus

47
Q

gas gangrene tx

A

Penicillin G + Vancomycin or penicillinase-resistant penicillin (nafcillin)
PCN allergic Clindamycin or metronidazole

48
Q

rubella presents with

A

Maculopapular rash

Lymphadenopathy

49
Q

rubeola (measles) presents with

A

Koplik spots, conjunctivitis

Red, blotchy (maculopapular) rash 3-7 days after prodromal symptoms appear

50
Q

Roseola/Exanthem Subitum

A
  • herpes virus

- transmitted via saliva

51
Q

Pruritic rash consisting of crops of macules, papules, and vesicles (typically 250–500 lesions), presence of lesions in different stages of development at the same time

A

varicella

52
Q

slapped cheek

B19 parvovirus

A

5th disease (erythema infectiosum)

53
Q

, painful oral ulcers or blisters, body rash, followed by sores w/ blisters on palms & soles of feet

A

hanf, foot, mouth disease

coxsackie group A

54
Q

Kawasackie disease

A 
4/5 criteria must be met:
Conjunctivitis
Rash 
Lymphadenopathy
Oropharyngeal changes (injection of pharynx &amp; lips w/ prominent papillae of tongue (strawberry tongue)
55
Q

how to tx Kawasackie

A

IV gamma globulin and ASA

56
Q

“strawberry tongue” , sore throat, fever, ha, vomiting & abdominal pain

A

scarlet fever

57
Q

how to tx scarlet fever

A

Abx (PCN) or erythromycin for PCN allergic (Abx shorten course &  incidence of rheumatic fever & nephritis)

58
Q

complications of scarlet fever

A

Rheumatic fever, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

59
Q

how to tx rabies

A

HRIG (human rabies immune globulin) at wound site

Human diploid cell vaccine; administered Im/ intradermally on days 0,3,7, and 14

60
Q

most virulent species of malaria

A

falciparium

Emed 1 (8 decks)

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