Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emed 1 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

when you suspect acute renal failure you should look at…

A

BUN/creatinine, if it is increased this is not a great sign for the kidneys
elevated K, urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BMP vs CMP

A

CMP has liver function testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MCC of community acquired renal failure

A

prerenal
Caused by decreased perfusion to the kidneys with normal tubular and glomerular function
-hypovolemic states (dehydration)
-fluid sequestration (cirrhosis, pancreatitis, burns)
-decreased CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

intrarenal failure

A
  • acute tubular necrosis

- nephrotoxin (physician prescribed) second MC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

postrenal problems are seen primarily in

A

elderly men

  • BPH
  • urethral stones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to treat prerenal conditions?
renal?
postrenal?

A

IVF (NS/LR)
avoid nephrotoxins
not making urine, foley cath. If prostate problem insert foley then go home with bag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who determines if dialysis is necessary?

A

nephrologist
Usually made if BUN >100 or Creatinine>10
Conditions for EMERGENT dialysis
Cardiac instability(acidosis, hyperkalemia)
Intractable Volume overload(pulmonary edema), uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

with hyperkalemia we are concerned about…

A

cardiac effects
6.5-7.5 peaked T waves
7.5-8 QRS widens
above 8 heart block and vfib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hyperkalemia tx

A
  • calcium gluconate
  • insulin
  • albuterol
  • bicarb
  • kayexalate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MCC ESRD

A

DM followed by HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

remember in pts with ESRD

A

noted to have elevated troponins in the absence of acute MI. Some studies quote as high as 70% of patients with kidney disease have elevated troponins without an acute MI, repeat test to check for increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lower tract vs

upper tract UTI

A

urethritis/cystitis

pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Males younger than 50 with dysuria and increased frequency think

A

urethritis caused by STD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

flank pain(CVAT), fever, and nv(look toxic appearing) think

A

pyelo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who to treat vs not treat for UTI

A
  • any pregnant pt gets treated regardless of symptoms

- young pt that has no symptoms but is positive no need to treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nitrites are specific for

A

UTI
Take home message is a positive nitrite or leukocyte test results supports the diagnosis of UTI but a negative test result does not exclude it

17
Q

uncomplicated UTI, treat with…

A

macrobid (nitrofurantoin)
first choice anbiotic for all pts including pregnant
keflex/bactrim is another option

18
Q

complicated UTI, treat with…

A

cipro or levofloxacin or cefpodoxime

19
Q

in pts with renal insufficiency (high BUN/creatinine) or the elderly you should avoid these meds

A

macrobid or fluorquinolones

20
Q

pyelo tx

A

ceftriaxone, safe for pregnancy

21
Q

gross hematuria suggests….

microscopic suggests.

A

lower UT source

renal source

22
Q

MCC acute urinary retention in men

A

BPH, dx via US

23
Q

how to treat acute urinary retention

A

catheter

oxybutynin may be prescribed for spams

24
Q

anybody complaining of testicular pain you must rule out

A

testicular torsion

GU emergency

25
Q

SS of testicular torsion

A

effected side is usually firm, tender and elevated. Cremasteric reflex (touch inner thigh and teticle elevates) being absent is the most sensitive finding

26
Q

how to dx testicular torsion

A

doppler US, emergency urology consult

27
Q

epidydmitis/orchitis

A

< 35 think STD (Chlam or GC) ceftriaxone IM+doxy or azithromycin
> 35 think urinary pathogens (eg: e-coli…) bactrim or levofloxacin
Pain is often relieved by elevating the testicle while recumbent (Prehn’s sign)

28
Q

MCC acute prostatitis and tx

A

E. Coli

cipro, levofloxacin

29
Q

fournier gangrene

A

GU emergency
CALL SURGERY; needs surgical debridement
Start IVF and broad spectrum antibiotics (penem)

30
Q

balanoposthitis

A
  • Infection of the glans(balanitis) and foreskin
  • keep area dry, use antifungals
  • common in uncircumsized pts
31
Q

phimosis vs

paraphimosis

A
  • foreskin stuck over glans, non-emergency (treat with hydrocortisone cream)
  • foreskin stuck behind glans, EMERGENCY
32
Q

how to treat priapism

A

terbutaline injected in the deltoid, or po pseudoephedrine

33
Q

hydrocele vs

varicocele

A

fluid

bag of worms

34
Q

if a pt has trauma to the penis, do not

A

insert a foley, may cause of a full tear of the urethra

35
Q

MC kidney stone composition

A

calcium oxalate

36
Q

Kidney stone pt is moving all over the place to try and get comfortable unlike appendicitis/cholecystitis

A

UTI+kidney stone you keep in hospital

37
Q

how to dx renal colic

A
  • send UA and cultura

- non contrast helical CT

38
Q

stones will pass that are

A

4 mm

39
Q

how to treat renal colic

A
  • toradol unless elderly or known kidney function abnormality
  • antiemetics
  • alpha blockers “osin”

Emed 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions