Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emed 1 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

unstable angina

A

Ischemic Cardiac chest pain WITHOUT myocardial damage

Occurs suddenly, often at rest or with minimal exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cardiac ischemia without myocardial damage

A

NSTEMI

Chest Pain, WITHOUT classic EKG findings, +Cardiac Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiac ischemia with myocardial damage

A

STEMI

Chest pain, WITH classic ST elevation Pattern on EKG, +Cardiac Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

these pts present with atypical symptoms of chest pain

A
  • diabetes
  • advanced age
  • AMS
  • women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

initial workup for chest pain

A

Labs:
CBC (check for anemia/bleeds), Chem (baseline BUN/Cr for cath lab), Coags, Cardiac Enzymes

Chest XR

EKG

Coronary CT-good for people that don’t have preexisting cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

best lab test for MI

A

-troponins, released within 4-6 hours of onset of MI
-repeat every 4-6 hours
CK-MB peaks at 12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

common EKG findings for acute coronary syndrome

A
  • peaked T waves, occur early
  • ST elevations, Indicates transmural injury & diagnostic of acute infarct
  • Q waves, indicate necrosis from previous damage
  • new LBBB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Non invasive test
Good test for low risk patients
Limitations: not useful in patients w/ areas of old, calcified (hardened) plaque

A

CT coronary angiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how to treat ACS?

A
  • immediate IV, O2, cardiac monitor, and EKG
  • ASA
  • clopidogrel
  • nitro
  • heparin
  • BB
  • Morphine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

main and second line treatment of a STEMI?

A

main-percutaneous coronary intervention (door to balloon time <90 min)
second-fibrinolytics (door to needle time <30 min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

main tx for NSTEMI or unstable angina?

A

antiplatelet-ASA or plavix
anticoag-LMWH
stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chest pain at rest associated w/ transient ST segment elevation

Normal exercise tolerance

Cyclical pain pattern, most episodes in early morning

Due to focal coronary artery vasospasm

Associated w/ acute myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death

A

variant/prinzmetal angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to treat prinzmetal angina?

A
  • nitro
  • CCB
  • BB contraindicated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S/S pericarditis

A

Varies w/ respiration (Pleuritic)
Worsens w/ Lying down
Relieved by leaning forward
may follow a viral illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

best diagnostic test for pericarditis

A

echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how to treat pericarditis?

A

-outpatient NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acute endocarditis vs

subacute

A

acute MCC staph aureus, fatal <6 weeks

subacute caused by less virulent Streptococcus viridans & enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pt presents with new heart murmur and unexplained fever, think…

A

endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dukes major criteria

A 
2  POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES
Of an organism that typically causes IE
Or, persistent bacteremia
EVIDENCE ON ECHO
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW REGURGE MURMUR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dukes minor criteria

A

Fever > 38 C
Predisposition, predisposing heart condition, IV drug use.
Vascular phenomena
Immunologic phenomena
Serologic evidence of an active infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

positive dukes criteria

A 
Two Major Criteria
                 Or
One Major Three Minor
                 Or
Five Minor Criteria
22
Q

anbx prophylaxis is required for

A

anbx prophylaxis is required for

23
Q

beck’s triad is associated with

A 
cardiac tamponade
-JVD
-hypotension
-muffled heart sounds
Other symptoms: tachycardia, narrow pulses pressure, pulsus paradoxus (dropped beats in the peripheral pulse during inspiration)
24
Q

test of choice for cardiac tamponade

A

echo

25
Q

cardiac tamponade tx

A

pericariocentesis

26
Q

s/s aortic dissection

A

Classically sudden onset SEVERE
RIPPING or TEARING
Radiation to the BACK

27
Q

PE findings for aortic dissection

A

Pulse or BP asymmetry btw limbs

>30 is bad

28
Q

how to dx aortic dissection

A
  • CXR shows widened mediastinum call CT sx stat (>8mm)
  • CT is the test of choice in acute setting!!!!
  • angiography is the gold standard
29
Q

how to tx aortic dissection

A
  • beta blockers are first line (CCB if BB are C/I)

- Nicardipine/Nitroprusside (vasodilators) started after BB to achieve BP reduction

30
Q

type A vs

type B aortic dissection mgmt

A
  • surgical tx

- medical tx (BP/HR) doesn’t involve ascending aorta

31
Q

how to dx CHF?

A
  • BNP (normal range 10-100)

- CXR (cardiomegaly, Kerley B line)

32
Q

how to treat CHF?

A
  • O2
  • intubate if needed
  • nitro
  • diuretics (double pts normal dose)
  • dopamine/dobutamine if hypotensive
33
Q

how to treat stable pts with a-flutter/fib >48 hours?

A

CCBs
Anticoagulation w/ heparin
TEE to r/o atrial thrombus prior to cardioversion

34
Q

how to treat stable pts with a-flutter/fib <48 hours?

A

electric cardioversion

35
Q

how to treat stable vs unstable SVT

A

stable-vagal maneuver, valsavla, carotid massage
unstable-synchronized cardioversion
adenosine can be used short term

36
Q

how to treat pulseless V-tach

A

defibrillation w/ unsynchronized cardioversion

37
Q

how to treat unstable vtach pts with a pulse

A

synchronized cardioversion

38
Q

how to treat hemodynamically stable pt w/normal cardiac function presenting with vtach

A

procainamide

39
Q

how to treat hemodynamically stable pt w/impaired cardiac function with tach

A

amio is first line

lido

40
Q

how to treat vfib?

A
  • defibrillation

- if unsuccessful, CPR and intubate and give epi and vasopressin

41
Q

how to treat heart blocks

A
  • atropine

- external pacing if that doesn’t work

42
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

-elevated BP associated with target end organ damage

43
Q

hypertensive urgency

A

elevated bp associated w/ risk of imminent target organ dysfunction

44
Q

acute hypertensive episode

A

Systolic BP > 180 & Diastolic BP >110 w/out evolving or impending target organ dysfunction

45
Q

initial tx for hypertensive emergency

A

O2 supplementation, cardiac monitoring, IV access

46
Q

how to tx HTN emergency w/CVA

A

Labetalol

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Nimodipine

47
Q

how to tx HTN emergency with hypertensive encephalopathy

A

Characterized by severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and AMS)
Sodium Nitroprusside (avoid rapid correction to prevent hypo-perfusion)
Labetalol is 2nd line

48
Q

how to tx acute sympathetic crisis?

A

benzos followed by nitro or phentolamine

49
Q

how to tx acute renal failure

A

nitroprusside

50
Q

how to tx preeclampsia

A

labetalol

hydralazine

51
Q

beck’s triad is associated with

A 
cardiac tamponade
-JVD
-hypotension
-muffled heart sounds
Other symptoms: tachycardia, narrow pulses pressure, pulsus paradoxus (dropped beats in the peripheral pulse during inspiration)

Emed 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions