Infectious Disease Flashcards
Describe Hepatitis A…
- Fecal/Oral
- International travel
- 85% clinical recovery in 3 months
- Vaccine avilable
Describe Hepatitis E…
- Fecally contaminated water
- Asia, Africa, Middle East
- No chronic development
What is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis?
- Hepatitis B
- Acute 70% subclinical
What can happen to the liver with Chronic Hepatitis B?
- Necorinflammatory disease of liver with persistent HBV infection
- Carrier - HBV infection without necroinflammation
For Hepatitis B, what % get HBV Perinatally?
90%
What % of HBV patient get cirrohsis at 5 years?
20%
Describe Hepatitis C…
Acute
- Almost always subclinical
Chronic
- 60-80% of patients
- Most common cause of chronic liver disease
- # 1 indication for liver transplant
What is the most common cause of liver disease?
Hepatitis C
What is the #1 indication for liver transplant?
Hepatitis C
Describe Hepatitis D…
- Co-exist wth HBV
Describe Hepatitis F…
Hypothetical
Describe Hepatitis G & GBV-C…
- Evidence suggests that it does not cause hepatitis in humans
What is HIV?
- Progressive disease
- Immune dysregulation, dysfunction, and deficiency
- May be asymptomatic
What are some clinical indicators of HIV?
- Candidiasis
- Cervical Cancer
- Coccidiomysosis (infection caused by fungus)
- Histoplasmosis (infection caused by fungus)
- HIV associated dementia
Regarding AIDS diagnosis, what does the CD4+ count have to be at?
< 200 cells/mm3
In the absence of clinical symptoms…
What does HAART stand for?
High Active Antiretroviral Therapy
What are 4 drugs classes of HIV meds?
- Fusion Inhibitors
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Protease Inhibitors
What are some HAART Regimens for HIV?
- NNRTI Based
- 1 NNRTI + NRTI’s (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor + nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
- Protease Inhibitor Based
- 1 or 2 PIs + 2 NRTI’s
- Triple NRTI based
- 3 NRTI’s
What are 2 lab values to keep an eye on regarding HIV patients?
- CD4 + T-lymphocyte count
- Plasma HIV load/titer (viremia)
How do you dentally manage an HIV patient?
- Tolerate full spectrum dental care
- Optimize oral hygiene and function
- Monitor for and mange HIV-associated oral lesions
- Drug-induced side effects: Xerostomia, coagulopathy, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity
- Recall
- No automatic need for ABX prophylaxis
- Cannot refuse care
What are some drug induced side effects of HIV meds?
- Xerostomia
- Coagulopathy
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Hepatotoxicity
What are some oral lesions that can manifest in HIV patients?
- Candidiasis
- Oral hairy leukoplakia
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- HIV gingivitis/periodontitis
- Viral lesions (HSV,HPV)
- Major apthous ulcers
