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The Final Step > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

White, curd-like vaginal discharge should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Vulvovaginitis (Vaginal candida infection)

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2
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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3
Q

If you have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida what is the first line drug?

A

Amphotericin B

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4
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin for 7 days

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5
Q

What disease does Rickettsia ricketsii cause?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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6
Q

An india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcosis

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7
Q

A COPD patient has apical cavities and clarified nodes on his chest x-ray. You also discover that he has a pet bat and a few birds. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Histoplasmosis

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8
Q

An HIV patient presents with nonproductive cough and a chest x-ray showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ)

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9
Q

Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Botulism

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10
Q

What type of organism causes botulism?

A

A gram + rod, clostridium botulinum

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11
Q

What is the treatment for botulism?

A

Antitoxin

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12
Q

A patient presents to the ER with acute progressive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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13
Q

Rice water stool should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cholera

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14
Q

Is diphtheria a gram positive or negative organism?

A

Gram positive

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15
Q

A stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Diptheria

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16
Q

What are the four steps in treating diphtheria?

A

Antitoxin, PCN, remove membrane and report the case to the CDC

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17
Q

What type of organism is tetanus?

A

A gram + rod, Clostridum tetani

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18
Q

A patient ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism?

A

Salmonella

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19
Q

Diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Shigella

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20
Q

What ist he best test to diagnose malaria?

A

Peripheral blood smear

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21
Q

What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis?

A

Shigella

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22
Q

What is the treatment for shigella?

A

Bactrim or FQs and hydration

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23
Q

What organism causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

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24
Q

What is the minimum amount of time needed for a tick to transfer lyme disease?

A

24 hours

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25
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat lyme disease in kids or pregnant women?

A

Amoxicillin

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26
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat c. diff?

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

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27
Q

A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrans. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

lyme disease

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28
Q

What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria?

A

Chloroquine

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29
Q

A patient went camping a few days ago and now has a rash tag began on his wrists and ankles. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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30
Q

What is the drug of choice in rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Doxycycline

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31
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphillis?

A

PCN

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32
Q

Any reference to the dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

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33
Q

Is staph a gram positive or negative organism?

A

Gram +

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34
Q

A patient is being treated with PCN for a syphillis infection develop fever, chills, muscle pains, and headaches. Do you stop treatment?

A

No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and is not an allergic reaction

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35
Q

A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Primary syphillis

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36
Q

A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentions a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Secondary syphillis, this is the most painless stage.

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37
Q

What is the treatment for cholera?

A

Fluids

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38
Q

What ist he current drug of choice for the cytomegalovirus?

A

Ganciclovir

39
Q

Which herpes virus causes EBV?

A

Herpes 4

40
Q

A 16 year old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam you observe come posterior chain lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

EBV

41
Q

What are the two most important pieces of patient education for anyone diagnosed with mononucleosis?

A

No contact sports - high risk of splenic rupture

No kissing! Highly contagious

42
Q

What is the fist symptom of a rabies infection?

A

Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite

43
Q

What is the best way to be sure a patient has rabies?

A

Pathology of the brain of the animal that performed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain

44
Q

A patient is bitted by an infected raccoon. On what days do you give human diploid cells?

A

0, 3, 7, 14, 28

45
Q

A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Candida

46
Q

What are two side effects of vancomycin?

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

47
Q

What is the DOC for the treatment of lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

48
Q

What does trismus mean?

A

Lock jaw, often secondary to tetanus

49
Q

How do you treat amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole

50
Q

How do you treat pneumocycistis jiroveci pneumonia?

A

Bactrim

51
Q

What is the treatment for a tetanus infections?

A

PCN, immune globulin and supportive care esp. respiratory support

52
Q

How do hookworm larvae enter the body?

A

They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet

53
Q

How do you treat hookworm?

A

Azoles

54
Q

What type of mosquitoes carry malaria?

A

Anopheles

55
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

The most likely is candida. Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1mg are the first line choices.

56
Q

A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Toxoplasmosis

57
Q

What is the drug of choice for toxoplasmosis?

A

Bactrim

58
Q

What organism causes toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

59
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later treat them again.

60
Q

The scotch tape test is used to diagnose what kind of disease?

A

Pinworm

61
Q

Is neisseria gram + or gram -

A

Gram -

62
Q

Syphillis is caused by what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

63
Q

A gram + organism in chains should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Strep

64
Q

A negative diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Neisseri

65
Q

What is the most common prophylactic antibiotic used preoperatively?

A

Cephalexin

66
Q

What is the suffix for most fluoroquinolone?

A

Oxacin

67
Q

Why aren’t fluoroquinolone used more frequently?

A

Many side effects

68
Q

A patient presents with a ruptured achilles tendon. He states that he was recently in the hospital for a “blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics” What antibiotic class might he have been on?

A

Fluoroquinolones

69
Q

Why can’t you give fluoroquinolone to kids?

A

They can cause cartilage development problems

70
Q

What class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Macrolides

71
Q

What class of antibiotics is sometimes prescribed specifically for its effects on increasing GI motility?

A

Macrolides

72
Q

Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or amino glycoside?

A

Tetracycline

73
Q

Pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus

74
Q

A patient presents complaining of metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. What antibiotic might she be on?

A

Metronidazole

75
Q

What antibiotic is the most common cause of C. diff?

A

Clindamycin

76
Q

What is the current drug of choice for treating MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

77
Q

You place a patient on Rifampin. What side effect should you warn her about?

A

Orange-red discoloration of body fluids.

78
Q

What happens if you infuse vancomycin too fast?

A

Red man syndrome

79
Q

Name one medication that can be used for MRSA

A

Linezolid

80
Q

What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

81
Q

What organism is the most common cause of an uncomplicated UTI?

A

E. Coli

82
Q

Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tertiary syphillis

83
Q

Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Amebiasis

84
Q

Community acquired carditis is most often caused by once of the HACEK organisms. What are the HACEK organisms?

A 
Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
85
Q

What are the three medications often combined as a first line treatment for H. pylori?

A

Omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin (PPI and 2 abx)

86
Q

What is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given before a dental procedure if one is necessary?

A

Amoxicillin 2 grams po 1 hour before procedure

87
Q

Pregnant women and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis

88
Q

What is the DOC to treat urethritis caused by neisseria?

A

Ceftriaxone

89
Q

Is klebsiella gram + or gram -

A

Gram -

90
Q

A gram positive organism in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Staph

91
Q

What is the best test for diagnosing rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies

92
Q

A gram - coccobacilli found in the sputum of a patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

H. flu

93
Q

What medication is used as prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis?

A

Rifampin

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