Infectious Disease 2 Flashcards
what type of cellular response does salmonella induce?
mononuclear- monocytes and macrophages
what disease does salmonella cause?
typhoid fever- infection of small bowell lymphatics, bacteremia, ulceration, bleeding, and perforation
what cell type does salmonella invade
monocytes and macrophages- specifically in peyers patches, spleen, and liver
what is the morphology of salmonella?
gram negative enteric bacillus
describe the stages of typhoid fever
- infection- invades small bowel mucosa
- dissemination- bacteremia. invades spleen, liver, and MALT
- pathologic lesions- ulceration of peyers patches and perforation of blood vessels and bowel
“rose spots”
sign of typhoid fever
what infections give you a granulomatous
TB,
epitheloid granuloma
granuloma where macrophages begin to appear like epithelium
tuberculosis
caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
taken up by macrophages and multiplies in macrophages.
causes delayed type sensitivity - CD4, TNFa, IFNy
immunity to TB
cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity results in granuloma formation
leukotriene hyrdrolase
control balance of TNF- too little = growth, too much = destruction
cells in granuloma
center- macrophages
surrounded by lymphocytes
what percent of those inhaling mycobacterium go on to disease
10%
90% heal w/ minimal granuloma residues- still possible to get reactivated thru exposure to HIV
what infection causes chronic inflammation and scarring?
schistosomiasis- tropical freshwater bloodflukes
invasive larva penetrates skin and adults live in mesenteric veins- causes little inflammation
deposits eggs- elicits immune response- eosinophil IL4,5,13
eggs cause fibrinous granuloma, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension (ascites, varicose veins), bladder hematuria, and cancer
how long does it take for schistosomiasis to cause inflammation
6-8 weeks- eggs laid around 6 week
where are the s. eggs deposited?
bowel, bladder, liver
how are s. egg granulomas different than TB?
contain eosinophils, which stimulates macrophages (IL4, 13) to produce collagens
lung abcess and empyema
mixed aerobic and anerobic bacteria associated w/ aspiration
causes acute supprative process with destruction- leads to walled off fibrous cavity w/ liquefied central cavity
switches response to macrophage, lymphocyte, and plasma cell- does not become a granuloma
resolves thru drainage and leaves scarring