Infectious Disease 2

Question 1

what type of cellular response does salmonella induce?

Answer 1

mononuclear- monocytes and macrophages

Question 2

what disease does salmonella cause?

Answer 2

typhoid fever- infection of small bowell lymphatics, bacteremia, ulceration, bleeding, and perforation

Question 3

what cell type does salmonella invade

Answer 3

monocytes and macrophages- specifically in peyers patches, spleen, and liver

Question 4

what is the morphology of salmonella?

Answer 4

gram negative enteric bacillus

Question 5

describe the stages of typhoid fever

Answer 5

1. infection- invades small bowel mucosa
2. dissemination- bacteremia. invades spleen, liver, and MALT
3. pathologic lesions- ulceration of peyers patches and perforation of blood vessels and bowel

Question 6

“rose spots”

Answer 6

sign of typhoid fever

Question 7

what infections give you a granulomatous

Answer 7

TB,

Question 8

epitheloid granuloma

Answer 8

granuloma where macrophages begin to appear like epithelium

Question 9

tuberculosis

Answer 9

caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

taken up by macrophages and multiplies in macrophages.

causes delayed type sensitivity - CD4, TNFa, IFNy

Question 10

immunity to TB

Answer 10

cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity results in granuloma formation

Question 11

leukotriene hyrdrolase

Answer 11

control balance of TNF- too little = growth, too much = destruction

Question 12

cells in granuloma

Answer 12

center- macrophages

surrounded by lymphocytes

Question 13

what percent of those inhaling mycobacterium go on to disease

Answer 13

10%

90% heal w/ minimal granuloma residues- still possible to get reactivated thru exposure to HIV

Question 14

what infection causes chronic inflammation and scarring?

Answer 14

schistosomiasis- tropical freshwater bloodflukes

invasive larva penetrates skin and adults live in mesenteric veins- causes little inflammation

deposits eggs- elicits immune response- eosinophil IL4,5,13

eggs cause fibrinous granuloma, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension (ascites, varicose veins), bladder hematuria, and cancer

Question 15

how long does it take for schistosomiasis to cause inflammation

Answer 15

6-8 weeks- eggs laid around 6 week

Question 16

where are the s. eggs deposited?

Answer 16

bowel, bladder, liver

Question 17

how are s. egg granulomas different than TB?

Answer 17

contain eosinophils, which stimulates macrophages (IL4, 13) to produce collagens

Question 18

lung abcess and empyema

Answer 18

mixed aerobic and anerobic bacteria associated w/ aspiration

causes acute supprative process with destruction- leads to walled off fibrous cavity w/ liquefied central cavity

switches response to macrophage, lymphocyte, and plasma cell- does not become a granuloma

resolves thru drainage and leaves scarring