Infectious disease Flashcards
Severe joint pain + fever + return from Africa
Chikunguya - Alphavirus
Similar to dengue but has more joint pain
Thrombocytopenia with maculopapular rash, facial flushing, fever, myalgia, +/- hemorrhagic symptoms in a traveller
Dengue fever. - Flavi virus
Viral infection through Aedes egypti. may progress to viral haemorrhagic fever.
Tretament is supportive
Diagnosis is through serology and nucleic acid amplification.
A traveller with brief flu illness of <1 week followed by remission and then jaundice and deranged LFTs
yellow fever
Lyme disease
Spirochete (Borriela Burgdoferi) disease transmitted by Tick bite
Symptoms:
Early - Erythema migrans + flu like symptoms.
Late: CVS (Heart block,Peri/myocarditis) and Neuro (Facial nerve palsy, radicular pain, meningitis)
Investigation:
Presence of erythema migrans
ELISA is 1st line - If negative, repeat in 4-6 weeks. if positive, do IMMUNOBLOT test
Treatment
Asymptomatic - remove the tick
Early disease - Doxycycline
Disseminated disease - Cerftriaxone.
Bilateral conjuctivities, Hx of sewage work, Myalgia, and high fever
Leptospirosis
Treatment:
Mild - Doxycyclin
Severe - iv benzylpenicillin
Cat scratch disease in an immunocompromised patient
Bacillary angiomatosis
Forms of Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
bird fanciers’ lung: avian proteins from bird droppings
farmers lung: spores of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula from wet hay (formerly Micropolyspora faeni)
malt workers’ lung: Aspergillus clavatus
mushroom workers’ lung: thermophilic actinomycetes*
Live attenuated Vaccines
BCG
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
influenza (intranasal)
oral rotavirus
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid
Inactivated vaccine
rabies
hepatitis A
influenza (intramuscular)
Toxoid vaccines
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Subunit/Conjugate vaccine
pneumococcus (conjugate)
haemophilus (conjugate)
meningococcus (conjugate)
hepatitis B
human papillomavirus
Commonest cause of Cutaneous larva migrans
Ancylostoma brazilenses
Commonest cause of Visceral larva migrans
Ttoxocara canis or Toxocara cati
Diphtheria
caused by corynebacterium diphtheri. It produces and exotoxin which inhibits protein synthesis by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor EF-2.
Forms psudomembrane over tonsils. Causes sore throat, Large lymphadenopathy with Bull neck appearance.
Sequele include Neuritis and Heart block when bacteria spreads
Investigation -
Throat swab culture in Loffler medium/Tellurite agar
Treatment -
IM Penicillin
Diphtheria anti-toxin
Lieshmaniasis causative agents
Cutaneous - L. tropica and L. mexicana
Mucocutaneous - L. Brasilenses
Visceral - L. Donovani
Chagas disease
Acute stage - Usually asymptomatic. May have periorbital edema/Chagoma
Later stage - Affects the heart and GI tract.
Causes dilated cardiomyopathy/arrythmias and megacolon/megaesophagus
Trypanosomiasis Treatment
AFRICAN
early stage - Pentamidin and Suramin
Later stage - IV Mesarprol
AMERICAN
Benznidazole and Nifurtimox
Typical presentation in Visceral leishmaniasis
Fever, sweats, Hepatospenomegaly, hypersplenism, Pancytopenia
Presence of Amastigotes in cells
