Dermatology

Question 1

Causes of Livedo reticularis

Answer 1

Causes
idiopathic (most common)
polyarteritis nodosa
systemic lupus erythematosus
cryoglobulinaemia
antiphospholipid syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
homocystinuria

Question 2

Acne Rosacea

Answer 2

characterized by red rash in the cheek and nose. worsened by sun and alcohol.

Flushing is usually the 1st symptom
can have telangiectasia, Rhinophyma, occasional papules/pusules

Treatment
Sunscreen

For flushing - Brimonidine gel
Mild - moderate pustules - Topical Ivermectin
Moderate - severe pustules - Topical ivermectin + Oral doxycycline

Question 3

Treatment of Leprosy

Answer 3

Multibacillary (Lepromatous leprosy - >5 skin lesions - Dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine x 12 months

Pauciballary (Tuberculoid leprosy) - <5 skin lesions - Dapsone and Rifampicin x 6 months

Question 4

Conditions associated with Serborheic dermatitis in adults

Answer 4

Blepharitis
Otits externa
HIV
Parkinson’s disease

Treatment
Head-
- Ketoconazole shampoo
- Head and shoulders
- Selenium sulphide and steroids

Body
- Topical ketoconazole
- Topical steroids

Question 5

Lichen planus

Answer 5

Immune mediated

Polygonal rash on soles, palms with wickman striae (white line pattern) on the rash.
Also has white lace pattern in the mouth

Drug causes - Gold, thiazide, quninine

Treatment
1st line - Topical steroid
If extensive - Oral steroid or immunosuppression
Benzydamine mouthwash for oral lesions

Question 6

Lichen sclerosus

Answer 6

seen in elderly woman. commonly occurs around the genitalia.

Epidermal atrophy with formation of white patches.

Characterized by Itchy white patches with pain on urination

Treatment
Topical steroids and emollients

Question 7

Causes of scarring Alopecia

Answer 7

trauma, burns
radiotherapy
lichen planus
discoid lupus
tinea capitis*

Question 8

Causes of Non scarring Alopecia

Answer 8

male-pattern baldness
drugs: cytotoxic drugs, carbimazole, heparin, oral contraceptive pill, colchicine
nutritional: iron and zinc deficiency
autoimmune: alopecia areata
telogen effluvium
hair loss following stressful period e.g. surgery
trichotillomania

Question 9

Pompholyx eczema (Dyshidrotic eczema)

Answer 9

Vesicular, itchy rash limited to the Hand or soles precipitated by High humidity and temperature

Treatment:
Cool Compress
Emollients
Topical Steroids