Infectious disease Flashcards
what are the types of infectious disease
- communicable disease
- noncommunicable disease
- vertical transmission
- horizontal transmission
communicable disease
infectious diseases that are contagious or capable of being communicated or transmitted
noncommunicable disease
is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another
vertical transmission
from an individual to its offspring through sperm, placenta, milk, or vaginal fluid
horizontal transmission
infectious agents from an infected person to a susceptible person
viability
the ability of an infectious agent to survive outside the host and to exist or thrive in the environment
communicability
the ability of the infectious disease to be transmitted from one person to the next or to spread in a population
infectivity
the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection
how is infectivity measured
as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected
R0
- basic reproductive number of an infectious agent
- tells you the average number of people who will contract a contagious disease from one person with that disease
virulence
the ability of an infectious afent to cause sever disease
how is virulence measured
the proportionn of persons with the disease who become severely ill
what are acute diseases that are infectious and communicable
influenza, measles, norovirus, meningitis
what are chronic infectious communicable diseases
TB, polio, syphilis
what are acute noncommunicable infectious diseases
tetanus, anthrax, legionella
what are acute noncommunicable noninfectious disease
accidents, drug abuse, stroke, suicide
what are chronic noninfectious noncommunicable diseases
cancer, heart disease, alcoholism
what are the stages of disease
- stage of susceptibility (prior to incubation period)
- stage of presymptomatic disease (incubation period)
- stage of clinical disease post incubation period)
- stage of recovery disability or death (after the disease)
how does the latent period and period of communicability fall within the stages of disease
the latnent period is the begining to 3/4 of the incubation period
period of communicability is 3/4 incubation to the end of disease of stage of recovery
what are common portals of entry
respiratory, conjuctival, oral, transplacnetal, reproductive, intravenous
what are are semi common portals of entry
the skin
what are less common portals of entry
mucous membranes, open wounds, gastrointestinal
what are the two types of immunity
active and passive immunity
active immunity
- naturally acquired: production of own antibodies
- artifically acquired: vaccines
