foundation of epi Flashcards
who was the first epidemiologist
Hippocrates
who was Hippocrates
- a physician
- attempted to describe disease from a rational perspective rather than supernatural
- introduced the terms like epidemic and endemic
what did hippocrates see
- different disesases occurred in didfferent locations
- physicians travelling should be familiar with local diseases
- addressed issues of diseases in relation to time and season, place, environmental conditions
who was John Graunt and what did he find
- english statistician
- used the bills of mortality to record age, sex, who dies, of what, where they died, and when
- used this info to develop and calculate life tables and life expectancy
where did acute and chronic classifications of disease/death come from
john graunt and his statistics
who was bernardino ramazzinni and what did he find
- professor of medicine
- observed that disease among workers arose from two causes (harmful matierals, unsafe body postures or working conditions)
who was james lind and what did he discover
- scottish naval surgeon
- observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of diseases
- noticed that sailers become very sick (4-6 weeks out at sea) with scurvy on long ocean voyages
how did james lind discovery what caused scurvy
an experimental study with 12 sailors and 6 groups
- one group were given lemons and limes and became healthy again
who was benjamin jesty
- farmer/dairyman
- noticed that milkmaids never got smallpox but got cowpox
- infected his wife and children with cowpox to prevent smallpox
whow as edward henner
- english rural physician
- also noticed the same thing as benjamin jesty
- inocculated a boy named james Phipps with the cowpox and then with smallpox and smallpox never developed
who was john snow and what did he discover
- english physician (beleived to be the father of epidemiology)
- studied cholera and found the incubation times , length of time from infection until death
what were john snows two major studies
descriptive study: looking at the choler outbreak in soho london
analytic study: investigated the death rates of cholera where people got their water
who was ignaz Semmelweis
- hungarian physician, father of hand hygeine and savior of mothers
- childbed fever was found throughout Europe
- saw that the difference between the midwifery ward vs the physician ward was hand hygiene
who was florence nightingale
- one of the first female nurses
- helped during the war with other nurses
- created a university
who was louis pasteur and what did he do
- french chemist/microbiologist
- had already identified the case of rabies and many other devastating diseases
- found that anthrax was a bacteria that were present on dead sheep and when they were decomposing the earthworms would ingest it and bring up to the surface via spores
who was typhoid mary and what did do
- baker that didnt wash her hands and spread typhoid to others
