General health and mortality Flashcards
life expectancy
the number of years an individual is likely to live
based on the chart what race/ethnicity has the lowest life expectancy
non-hispanic black male
how is mortality and different statstics around mortality recorded
- with official certificate of death forms
- records what type of death, COD, and other things like pregnancy and tobacco use
what is chronic disease epidemiologu
the study of the distribution and determinants of chronic disease and conditions in human populations
- application of the study for preventing and controlling chronic health problems
who is willian farr
he promoted the idea that disease especially chronic diseases have a multifactorial etiology
what is the environement and chronic health problem correaltion
environments influence individulas behaviors, exposures, etc.
given the example of radiation how is radiation enter the body
inhalatin
ingestion
direct exposure
what are some chemicals that can cause chronic disease
- drugs
- acids
-alkali - heavy metals (lead)
- posinsons
- some enzymes
Lead and health
- many homes build early on used lead paint found that children were poisoned through inhalation or swallowing
- lead pipes were used for water transport but erosion causes issues
- lead is extremely dangerous for children esp those under 72 months
what are the adverse affects of lead consumption
- osteoperosis
- damage organs, liver, brain and nerves
- anemia
- increased heart disease
toxicokinetics
the study of how chemical substances eneters the body and the course it takes while in the body
what is the process of toxicokinetics
absorption: entrance into the body
distribution: movement of the substance from where it enets the body to the other sites
biotransformation: transformation produced by the body of the substance into new chemicals
excretion: ejection of the substance
what are some selected carcinogens in the workplace
- aromatic amines (rubber industry)
- asbestos (construction workers)
- benzene (boot and show manufacture(
- nickel (nickel refining
- radon (underground mining)
what are some biologic agents of health and what can they result in
- epstein-Barr virus –> burkitts lumphoma
- HPV –> cervial, anal, vaginal, penile cancers
- Hep B and C –> Liver cancer
- Human T cell lymphotrophic virus –> adult T cell leukemia
- Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpes –> karposi sarcoma
what is helicobacter pylori
a bacterium that can cause chronic conditions such as dyspepsia, gastritis, ulcers
how does social environemnt affect health
war = mental and physical disabilities
- families and households = dietary behaviors
- social networks and social supports = foster the ability to deal with and survive chronic health problems
- neighborhoods and communities = playgrounds, safe walking routes, etc.
how does diet and cancer relate
it was found that as much as 35% of all cancer is attributed to diet
how does body weight and chronic disease link
excessive weight is linked to many different health complications
sexual practices and chronic disease
being sexually active, having many sexual partners, and unprotected sex can all have health consequences such as HIV, STIs, cervical cancer
what influence does heredity play in cancer
theres only about a 10-20% link of genetics and cancer
what are some breast cancer risk factors
obesity
- being white
- having children at a late age
- not breastfeeding
- family history
- higher socioeconomic status (may be due to other things like working = no kids or no breastfeeding
why are prevention efforts for chronic disease hard
interaction between behavior, environment, genetic, and social risk factors is highly intertwined
- should look to tailor prevention efforts to specific communities or cultures
