Infectious disease Flashcards
Pathogen (enters the body)
Reservoir (can be a person or animal)
Portal of exit (Saliva, mucus membrane, blood, feces, nose or throat discharge
Transmission ( Touching someone, sexual contact, contact with blood, food, soil, water, air)
Portal of entry ( skin, mucus membranes, inhalation ingestion)
Establishment of disease in a new host ( may multiply and produce disease if conditions allow it)
Chain of infection
When does infection occur
When a microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoan) invades the body of a host; typically accompanied by damage to cells.
Latent period is…
The time between infection and the development of symptoms/signs
Bacteria
Most are harmless
Can cause harm by releasing enzymes or toxins
Infections can be local or sytemic
Antibiotics
Kill bacteria
a lot of bacteria are now more resistant to antibiotics
Acellular pathogens that invade living cells (can’t survive without a host)
either kill the host cell or alter its function
What are Viruses
Antiviral drugs
Typically reduce the severity or duration of viral infections
Absorb nutrients from host causing damage; release enzymes.
Yeasts mold mushrooms
Fungi
Release enzymes or toxins that destroy cells
Single-celled organisms
Attack tissues or organs and compete with host for nutrients
Parasitic worms
Fungi, Protozoa, Parasitic Worms (Helminths)
Pathogens : agents of infections
How do you catch an infection?
People
Food
Water
Animals and insects (vector transmission)
First line of defense is…
Skin
Cilia
Mucus
Elevated body temperature
cough, tears, saliva
The second line of defense is
Immune cells which recognize pathogens as foreign from their different antigens.
Includes
Macrophages
T cells
B cells
Surround and digest foreign matter
engulf antibody-bound pathogens
Macrophages
Fight parasites, fungi cancer cells, and infected cells.
Thousands of work together to kill pathogens
T cells
Made by B cells
Proteins that stick to specific antigens on pathogens
Coat pathogens and clump them together to prevent further infection and easier disposal by macrophages
Antibodies
Vaccination
Small quantity of inactive pathogen injected to create memory cells (T- and B- cells)
Infectious diseases globally
Small pox
Polio
Measles
Malaria
HIV/AIDS
Tuberculosis
Zika
COvid 19
Infectious disease in canada
Colds
influenza
hepatitis
meningitis
reproductive & urinary infections
sexually transmitted infections
> 200 types
Spread by coughs sneezing
Rest, time, fluids, mild exercise, proper nutrition
Medications mask symptoms
Common cold
Aches, chills, dry cough, weakness
Flu (Influenza)
Viruses (-) Cause inflammation of the liver
Symptoms: High fever, headaches, fatigue, aching joints, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice
____ transmitted by contaminated water
____ transmitted through sexual contact
____vaccine is available in Canada
Hepatitis
Viruses (A-G)
Hep A/E transmitted by contaminated water
Hep B/C/D transmitted through sexual contact
Hep A/B vaccine is available in Canada
Infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and the spinal cord.
symptoms include fever drowsiness, confusion, severe, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting
Meningitis (Bacterial, viral or fungal(rare)
Trichomaniasis: Itching, burning, discharge
Candidiasis: itching, burning, discharge
Bacterial vaginosis: White/grey discharge, strong odor
Vaginal infections
In men
Candidiasis (fungal);epididymitis, orchitis
Redness, irritation, pain during urination or intercourse, discharge
Penile Infections
Typically caused by bacteria
Symptoms include a burning sensation while urinating, chills, fever, fatigue, blood in the urine
Urinary tract infections
How to support the immune system
Wash your hands
Get good sleep and exercise
eat a balanced diet
don’t share food or drinks
avoid rubbing eyes or touching mouth
don’t bite your nails
limit number of sexual partners
practice safe sex
