Infectious Disease Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Excess fluid in the lungs resulting from an inflammatory process
What are some common types of pneumonia?
— community acquired
— hospital acquired (more resistant to antibiotics)
— ventilator associated
— healthcare associated
What are some risk factors for pneumonia?
— older adult
— chronic health problems
— use of tobacco or alcohol
— aspiration
— presence of artificial tubes
— immunocompromised
— mechanical ventilation (ventilator-associated pneumonia)
Clinical manifestations in a client with pneumonia
— chest discomfort
— dyspnea
— fever
— cough
— myalgia (muscle ache)
— increased resp.
— hypoxemia
— lungs: crackles, wheezing, diminished
— HTN
— purulent, blood-tinged, rust colored sputum
*pleural lining is irritated
What might be different in an older client with pneumonia?
Acute confusion from hypoxia
What are some diagnostic tests expected to be ordered for the client with pneumonia?
— pulse ox.
— ABGs
— chest x-ray
— sputum culture
— CBC
When caring for a client with pneumonia, which nursing intervention is the highest priority?
Encourage deep breathing exercises and controlled coughing
— increased fluid intake is still important, but not the MOST important regarding respiratory issues
Nursing interventions for pneumonia
— oxygen therapy
— pulse ox. >95%
— cough and deep breath q2
— IS: 5-10 breaths per hour
— adequate hydration
— assess fluid status
— anti-infectives
What should be included in discharge teaching?
— continue breathing exercises
— healthy balanced diet
— avoid crowded areas
— annual flu vaccine
— pneumococcal vaccine
What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient suspected with TB?
Move the client to an airborne isolation room
*negative airflow: filters the air going out
How is TB transmitted?
Airborne; highly communicable
*mycobacterium
When does a patient with TB become infectious?
An infected person is not infectious until manifestations of disease occur
*TB stays locked in the lungs-not active
Risk factors for TB:
— immunocompromised; HIV
— crowded areas
— abusers of injection drugs or alcohol
What are symptoms of TB?
— progressive weight loss
— low-grade fever
— cough with blood-tinged sputum
— night sweats
— decreased appetite
*progressive, happens slowly
Diagnostics that confirm active TB:
— NAA blood test
— QFT-G blood test
— sputum culture
*skin test will show latent TB-not active
TB interventions:
Combination drug therapy is the most effective method of treatment and preventing transmission
*drugs can affect liver function; nausea is common
When is a patient with TB not contagious anymore?
After 3 negative sputum cultures
Manifestations of the flu:
— headache
— muscle aches
— fever
— chills
— fatigue
— weakness
— sore throat
— cough
— water nasal discharge
— nausea
— vomiting
— diarrhea
A client is being treated for influenza A and preparing to discharge. What should the nurse include in education?
Increase fluid intake and monitor for dehydration
