Acute Coronary Syndromes Flashcards
What are characteristics of chronic stable angina? SATA
A. Pain in precipites by exertion or stress
B. Pain occurs without cause, usually in the AM
C. Pain is relieved only by opioids
D. Pain is relieved by nitroglycerin and rest
E. Nausea, diaphoresis, feelings of fear, and dyspnea
F. Pain lasts less than 15 minutes
A. Pain is precipitated by exertion or stress
D. Pain is relived by nitroglycerin and rest
F. Pain lasts less than 15 minutes
Which of the following may contribute to a patients risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) ?
A. Smokes one pack of cigarettes daily
B. Exercises rarely
C. Drinks a few glasses of wine on the weekends
D. High cholesterol
E. Father and brother have CAD
A. Smokes one pack daily
B. Exercises rarely
D. High cholesterol
E. Father and brother have coronary artery disease
Within 4-6 hours after a client has an MI, the nurse expects which blood level to increase?
A. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-1)
B. Creatinine kinase-MG band (CK-MB)
C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
D. Serum aspartame aminotransferase (AST)
B. Creatinine kinase-MB band
A patient admitted with an acute MI and c/o moderate chest discomfort. The nurse asks about which associated symptoms? SATA
A. Nausea
B. Diarrhea
C. Diaphoresis
D. Dizziness
E. Joint pain
F. SOB
A. Nausea
C. Diaphoresis
D. Dizziness
F. SOB
Which interventions are appropriate for managing stable angina? SATA
A. Supplemental O2
B. Nitroglycerin SL
C. Morphine IV
D. Aspirin PO
E. Propranolol PO
F. Nifedipine PO
B. Nitroglycerin
D. Aspirin
E. Propranolol
F. Nifedipine
A client is admitted to the hospital with dx of MI. The nurse should monitor this client for which signs and symptoms associated with heart failure? SATA
A. Weight loss
B. Unusual fatigue
C. Dependent edema
D. Nocturnal dyspnea
E. Increased urinary output
B. Unusual fatigue
C. Dependent edema
D. Nocturnal edema
Four patients are admitted with an acute MI. Which one of them is least likely to be developing a complication?
A. Pt c/o increasing chest pain after admin of morphine IV
B. Pt c/o increased need for urination
C. Pt with multiple multi focal PVCs and EKG
D. Pt with decreased level of consciousness and threads pulse
B. Pt c/o increased need for urination
After receiving shift report, which client does the nurse assess first?
A. Client with percutaneous coronary angioplasty with dose of heparin scheduled
B. Client admitted for NSTEMI MI reporting of dyspnea after ambulating to bathroom
C. Client on tele with PR interval of 0.14 and QRS complex of 0.10 and noted PVCs
D. Client received thromolytic therapy for MI (STEMI) who has facial drooping
D
What is an NSTEMI and what are characteristics?
Non-ST-segment elevation MI
— ST and T-wave changes on ECG
— indicates myocardial ischemia
Causes:
— coronary vasospasm
— spontaneous dissection
— sluggish blood flow due to narrowing of coronary artery
What is a STEMI and what are characteristics?
ST-elevation myocardial infarction
— ST elevation in two ECG leads
— indicates MI/necrosis
— rupture of fibrous atherosclerotic plaque leading to platelet aggregation (clot) + thrombus formation
THROMBUS CAUSES AN ABRUPT 100% OCCLUSION OF THE CORONARY ATERY
Key features of MI:
— nausea
— vomiting
— dyspnea
— dysrhythmias
— fatigue
— palpitations
— anxiety
— dizziness
— acute confusion
— SOB
