Infectious Disease Flashcards
Treatment of choice for disseminated histoplasmosis
Liposomal amphotericin B
First line treatment for primary pneumonic plague
Streptomycin or gentamicin
Management of TB meningitis
Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol plus dexamethasone
Guideline-based recommendations for empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requiring ICU admission
β-lactam (ampicillin-sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftaroline) to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram-negative bacilli, or Haemophilus influenzae + agent active against Legionella, such as a macrolide or quinolone.
Freshwater exposure + uveitis, rash, CONJUNCTIVAL SUFFUSION, sepsis, lymphadenopathy, kidney injury, and hepatosplenomegaly
Leptospiral meningitis
Appropriate management for fulminant clostridium difficile infections
Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole; Vancomyosin enemas may also be added if ileus is present
NTB mycobacteria that produces chronic, nonhealing wound/ulcers that do not respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Indications for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria
1) Pregnancy
2) Medical clearance before an invasive urologic procedure
HIV postexposure prophylaxis
Tenofovir, emtricitabine, dolutegravir OR raltegravir
Ear pain, a vesicular rash in the external ear (although the rash may be absent), and ipsilateral peripheral facial palsy in association with Varicella-zoster virus
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Nonfocal febrile illness associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and a rapid response to tetracycline
Human monocytic ehrliciosis
Most common cause of recurrent viral meningitis
HSV type 2
Most common cause of swimming pool related outbreaks of diarrhea; diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the stool (revealing oocytes) or by stool antigen testing
Cryptosporidium
Treatment for travel-associated Cyclospora infection
Bactrim 
Pre-travel hepatitis A prophylaxis
Single dose of Hepatitis A vaccine given any time before travel
Preferred class of antibiotics for treating ESBL infection
Carbapenems
Labs to monitor while receiving daptomycin therapy
Kidney function and creatine kinase
Painless violaceous skin nodules with oral involvement in patients with poorly treated/severe AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma (HHV8)
Appropriate antibiotic management for MSSA osteomyelitis in the setting of orthopedic hardware if the hardware cannot be removed
Cefazolin + rifampin
Antibiotic best used for MDR pseudomonas infection
Ceftolozane-tazobactam
Pneumonia + bird exposure
Chlamydia psittaci
Criteria for severe C diff infection
WBC > 15K + SCr > 1.5
Recommended treatment for secondary syphilis
Single dose of IM benzathine penicillin
Recommended treatment for vibrio vulnificus associated necrotizing fasciitis
Doxycycline + ceftazidine
Appropriate screening test for patient with history of recurrent neisseria infection or a history of neisseria infections among multiple family members
Total hemolytic complement (CH50) level
Dimorphic, round, budding yeast that most often manifests as primary pulmonary infection and immunocompetent persons. Primarily found along the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.
Blastomycosis
Treatment of choice for patients with isolated facial nerve palsy and positive enzyme immunoassay results for Lyme disease
Doxycycline
Recommended treatment for clostridium perfringens associated necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis
Penicillin + clindamycin
Recommended two-step screening test for HIV infection
A fourth generation HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay test followed by a confirmatory antibody differentiation assay
Vaccine contraindicated in those with HIV
Live influenza vaccine (regardless of CD4 count)
MMR vaccine (If CD4 count consistently < 200 µL)
Recommended prophylaxis for patients potentially exposed to anthrax spores and without local or systemic infection
Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin + anthrax immunization
Standard treatment for Anthrax with systemic manifestations
Fluoroquinolone or doxycycline + penicillin, meropenem, or vancomycin + proteins synthesis inhibitor (I.e. linezolid, clindamycin)
Low IgG levels, impaired antibody production to pneumococcal or tetanus vaccines, and variably decreased IgA and IgM antibody levels. Symptoms can include upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, mycoplasma species, and respiratory viruses as well as chronic diarrhea caused by giardiasis or chronic norovirus infection
Common variable immunodeficiency
HIV preexposure prophylaxis
Tenofovir disoproxil fumurate and emtricitabine
Cavitary lung disease classically seen in older adult white men with underlying lung disease (I.e. COPD) and smoking history
Mycobacterium avium complex infection
Appropriate initial strategy for women with recurrent cystitis
Self-treatment with a first-line, short-course regimen (such as nitrofurantoin)
Induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis
Liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine
Empiric treatment of moderate severity non-purulent cellulitis
Penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, or clindamycin
Self-limited skin infection associated with the use of hot tubs, swimming pools, saunas, and whirl pools containing pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hot tub folliculitis
Appropriate management for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who will be receiving immunosuppressive therapy
Antiviral therapy (entecavir or tenofovir) to prevent reactivation
Antiviral treatment for influenza is recommended for the following:
1) Hospitalized Adults with documented or suspected influenza
2) Outpatients with severe or progressive illness regardless of illness duration
3) Older adults and immunosuppressed patients
Most common cause of fever in travelers returning from South America. The development of petechiae after deflating a blood pressure cuff (+ tourniquet test) is characteristic.
Dengue virus infection
Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis
Vancomyosin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, dexamethasone
Gram-negative bacillus/rod typically occurring from dog (or cat) bite or scratch or exposure to dog saliva in patients with asplenia, functional hyposplenism, history of excessive alcohol use, or cirrhosis.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Appropriate treatment for severe malaria
IV artesunate
Appropriate management for severe Campylobacter related diarrhea or for patients at risk for severe disease (Immuno compromised, pregnant, older adults)
Azithromycin
Appropriate management for patients with classic fever of unknown origin (T > 38.3C for > 3 weeks) that remains undiagnosed after careful extensive evaluation and 2 visits in ambulatory setting.
No further testing or treatment
Lone star tick infection that causes fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise and is not responsive to doxycycline
Heartland virus
Appropriate management for immunosuppressed patients with severe or disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection
Admission + IV acyclovir
Cardiac complication with Fluoroquinolones
QT-interval prolongation
Viral encephalitis presenting with fever, tremors, parkinsonism, myoclonus, maculopapular rash. MRI with classic basal ganglia involvement,
West Nile virus encephalitis
Diagnosing West Nile virus encephalitis
Serum IgM
Preferred treatment for patients with latent TB infection
Isoniazid + rifampin daily for 3 months
Recommended imaging for patients with suspected osteomyelitis and a normal plane radiograph
MRI +/- contrast
Confirmatory test for patients with symptoms worrisome for acute HIV infection but with negative HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody detection test
HIV-1 RNA NAAT
Treatment for persistent and debilitating cryptosporidia diarrhea in patients with HIV infection awaiting immune reconstitution
Nitazoxanide
Appropriate outpatient treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease
Ceftriaxone (1 dose) + doxycycline (14 days)
Appropriate inpatient treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease
Cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxycycline OR clindamycin + gentamicin
Appropriate time period To start post-HIV exposure prophylaxis
Within first 72 hours
Most common presentation of neurocysticercosis
Seizures
Antibiotic prophylaxis following a human bite
Augmentin
Diplopia, dystonia, dysarthria, dysphagia followed by weakness and flaccid paralysis in the upper extremities, descending to the trunk and lower limbs
Botulism toxicity
Recommended prophylaxis for travelers diarrhea in patients with underlying conditions that place them at higher risk of infection or disease complications
(I.e. immunocompromised, IBD, CKD)
Rifaximin
Myalgia, sore throat, cough, maculopapular rash, in addition to typical meningitis symptoms
Enterovirus meningitis
