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Internal Medicine > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of choice for disseminated histoplasmosis

A

Liposomal amphotericin B

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2
Q

First line treatment for primary pneumonic plague

A

Streptomycin or gentamicin

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3
Q

Management of TB meningitis

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol plus dexamethasone

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4
Q

Guideline-based recommendations for empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requiring ICU admission

A

β-lactam (ampicillin-sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or ceftaroline) to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram-negative bacilli, or Haemophilus influenzae + agent active against Legionella, such as a macrolide or quinolone.

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5
Q

Freshwater exposure + uveitis, rash, CONJUNCTIVAL SUFFUSION, sepsis, lymphadenopathy, kidney injury, and hepatosplenomegaly

A

Leptospiral meningitis

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6
Q

Appropriate management for fulminant clostridium difficile infections

A

Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole; Vancomyosin enemas may also be added if ileus is present

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7
Q

NTB mycobacteria that produces chronic, nonhealing wound/ulcers that do not respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

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8
Q

Indications for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria

A

1) Pregnancy

2) Medical clearance before an invasive urologic procedure

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9
Q

HIV postexposure prophylaxis

A

Tenofovir, emtricitabine, dolutegravir OR raltegravir

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10
Q

Ear pain, a vesicular rash in the external ear (although the rash may be absent), and ipsilateral peripheral facial palsy in association with Varicella-zoster virus

A

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

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11
Q

Nonfocal febrile illness associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and a rapid response to tetracycline

A

Human monocytic ehrliciosis

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12
Q

Most common cause of recurrent viral meningitis

A

HSV type 2

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13
Q

Most common cause of swimming pool related outbreaks of diarrhea; diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the stool (revealing oocytes) or by stool antigen testing

A

Cryptosporidium

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14
Q

Treatment for travel-associated Cyclospora infection

A

Bactrim 

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15
Q

Pre-travel hepatitis A prophylaxis

A

Single dose of Hepatitis A vaccine given any time before travel

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16
Q

Preferred class of antibiotics for treating ESBL infection

A

Carbapenems

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17
Q

Labs to monitor while receiving daptomycin therapy

A

Kidney function and creatine kinase

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18
Q

Painless violaceous skin nodules with oral involvement in patients with poorly treated/severe AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV8)

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19
Q

Appropriate antibiotic management for MSSA osteomyelitis in the setting of orthopedic hardware if the hardware cannot be removed

A

Cefazolin + rifampin

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20
Q

Antibiotic best used for MDR pseudomonas infection

A

Ceftolozane-tazobactam

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21
Q

Pneumonia + bird exposure

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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22
Q

Criteria for severe C diff infection

A

WBC > 15K + SCr > 1.5

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23
Q

Recommended treatment for secondary syphilis

A

Single dose of IM benzathine penicillin

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24
Q

Recommended treatment for vibrio vulnificus associated necrotizing fasciitis

A

Doxycycline + ceftazidine

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25
Q

Appropriate screening test for patient with history of recurrent neisseria infection or a history of neisseria infections among multiple family members

A

Total hemolytic complement (CH50) level

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26
Q

Dimorphic, round, budding yeast that most often manifests as primary pulmonary infection and immunocompetent persons. Primarily found along the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys.

A

Blastomycosis

27
Q

Treatment of choice for patients with isolated facial nerve palsy and positive enzyme immunoassay results for Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

28
Q

Recommended treatment for clostridium perfringens associated necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis

A

Penicillin + clindamycin

29
Q

Recommended two-step screening test for HIV infection

A

A fourth generation HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay test followed by a confirmatory antibody differentiation assay

30
Q

Vaccine contraindicated in those with HIV

A

Live influenza vaccine (regardless of CD4 count)

MMR vaccine (If CD4 count consistently < 200 µL)

31
Q

Recommended prophylaxis for patients potentially exposed to anthrax spores and without local or systemic infection

A

Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin + anthrax immunization

32
Q

Standard treatment for Anthrax with systemic manifestations

A

Fluoroquinolone or doxycycline + penicillin, meropenem, or vancomycin + proteins synthesis inhibitor (I.e. linezolid, clindamycin)

33
Q

Low IgG levels, impaired antibody production to pneumococcal or tetanus vaccines, and variably decreased IgA and IgM antibody levels. Symptoms can include upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, mycoplasma species, and respiratory viruses as well as chronic diarrhea caused by giardiasis or chronic norovirus infection

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

34
Q

HIV preexposure prophylaxis

A

Tenofovir disoproxil fumurate and emtricitabine

35
Q

Cavitary lung disease classically seen in older adult white men with underlying lung disease (I.e. COPD) and smoking history

A

Mycobacterium avium complex infection

36
Q

Appropriate initial strategy for women with recurrent cystitis

A

Self-treatment with a first-line, short-course regimen (such as nitrofurantoin)

37
Q

Induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis

A

Liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine

38
Q

Empiric treatment of moderate severity non-purulent cellulitis

A

Penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, or clindamycin

39
Q

Self-limited skin infection associated with the use of hot tubs, swimming pools, saunas, and whirl pools containing pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Hot tub folliculitis

40
Q

Appropriate management for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who will be receiving immunosuppressive therapy

A

Antiviral therapy (entecavir or tenofovir) to prevent reactivation

41
Q

Antiviral treatment for influenza is recommended for the following:

A

1) Hospitalized Adults with documented or suspected influenza
2) Outpatients with severe or progressive illness regardless of illness duration
3) Older adults and immunosuppressed patients

42
Q

Most common cause of fever in travelers returning from South America. The development of petechiae after deflating a blood pressure cuff (+ tourniquet test) is characteristic.

A

Dengue virus infection

43
Q

Empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis

A

Vancomyosin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, dexamethasone

44
Q

Gram-negative bacillus/rod typically occurring from dog (or cat) bite or scratch or exposure to dog saliva in patients with asplenia, functional hyposplenism, history of excessive alcohol use, or cirrhosis.

A

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

45
Q

Appropriate treatment for severe malaria

A

IV artesunate

46
Q

Appropriate management for severe Campylobacter related diarrhea or for patients at risk for severe disease (Immuno compromised, pregnant, older adults)

A

Azithromycin

47
Q

Appropriate management for patients with classic fever of unknown origin (T > 38.3C for > 3 weeks) that remains undiagnosed after careful extensive evaluation and 2 visits in ambulatory setting.

A

No further testing or treatment

48
Q

Lone star tick infection that causes fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise and is not responsive to doxycycline

A

Heartland virus

49
Q

Appropriate management for immunosuppressed patients with severe or disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection

A

Admission + IV acyclovir

50
Q

Cardiac complication with Fluoroquinolones

A

QT-interval prolongation

51
Q

Viral encephalitis presenting with fever, tremors, parkinsonism, myoclonus, maculopapular rash. MRI with classic basal ganglia involvement,

A

West Nile virus encephalitis

52
Q

Diagnosing West Nile virus encephalitis

A

Serum IgM

53
Q

Preferred treatment for patients with latent TB infection

A

Isoniazid + rifampin daily for 3 months

54
Q

Recommended imaging for patients with suspected osteomyelitis and a normal plane radiograph

A

MRI +/- contrast

55
Q

Confirmatory test for patients with symptoms worrisome for acute HIV infection but with negative HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody detection test

A

HIV-1 RNA NAAT

56
Q

Treatment for persistent and debilitating cryptosporidia diarrhea in patients with HIV infection awaiting immune reconstitution

A

Nitazoxanide

57
Q

Appropriate outpatient treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Ceftriaxone (1 dose) + doxycycline (14 days)

58
Q

Appropriate inpatient treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxycycline OR clindamycin + gentamicin

59
Q

Appropriate time period To start post-HIV exposure prophylaxis

A

Within first 72 hours

60
Q

Most common presentation of neurocysticercosis

A

Seizures

61
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis following a human bite

A

Augmentin

62
Q

Diplopia, dystonia, dysarthria, dysphagia followed by weakness and flaccid paralysis in the upper extremities, descending to the trunk and lower limbs

A

Botulism toxicity

63
Q

Recommended prophylaxis for travelers diarrhea in patients with underlying conditions that place them at higher risk of infection or disease complications
(I.e. immunocompromised, IBD, CKD)

A

Rifaximin

64
Q

Myalgia, sore throat, cough, maculopapular rash, in addition to typical meningitis symptoms

A

Enterovirus meningitis

Internal Medicine (12 decks)

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