Infectious diarrhoea Flashcards
What is viral gastroenteristis
Acute inflammation of lining of stomach and small intestine from viral infection
Most common causative organ in children vs adults viral diarrhoea
Norovirus in adults
Rotavirus in children
Management of viral gastroenteritis
Assessing for features of dehydration and shock - fluid resus if severe
Consider need for hospital admission
Enabling rehydration and electrolyte replacement
Prevent spread of infection
When need urgent fluid resuscitation
Systolic blood pressure <100
Heart rate >90
Cool peripheries
Respiratory rate >20
NEWS score >5
When admit someone to hospital with viral diarrhoea
If they are unable to to maintain oral intake due to vomiting
Some elderly individuals >60 years old, who are more at risk of severe dehydration
Abdominal tenderness
Diarrhoea lasting 10 days or more
What complication of Ecoli diarrhoea can be life threatening
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Definition of diarrhoea
> 3 loose or watery stools a day
<14 days acute diarrhoea, >14 = chronic diarrhoea
What is travellers diarrhoea
at least 3 loose or watery stools in 24 hours with or without one or more of abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomitting or blood in the stool
Acute food poisonning causes
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus or Clostridium perfringens.
What type of diarrhoea does giardiasis cause
Prolonged non bloody
How does E coli spread
Infected faeces, unwashed saladsm contaminated water
Toxin in e coli diarrhoea and what causes
Shiga toxin -> abdo cramps, bloody diarrhoea and vomitting
Why avoid antibiotics in ecoli diarrhoea
Increase risk of HUS
What is campylobacter and how is it spread
Gram negative bacteria curved or spiral shaped
Raw or improperly cooked poultry
Untreated water
Unpasteurised milk
Symptoms of campylobacter
Abdominal cramps
Diarrhoea often with blood
Vomiting
Fever
INcubation and resolution time campylobacter
2-5 days incubation
3-6 day symptom resolution
What is treatemnt for campylobacter diarrhoea
Antibiotics if successfully isolate and severe symptoms or risk factors eg HIV, HF
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin 2nd line
INcubation and length of shgella diarrhoea
1-2 days incubation
Resolved within week
Salmonella incubation and length of illness
12 hour to 3 days incubation
Symptoms resolve in one week
What causes bacillue cereus
Gram + rod
Spread through contaminated cooked food - grows if not refrigerated
-> cereulide
Onset and length of bacillue cereus
5 hour incubation vomitting
Diarrhoea after 8 hurs
Resolves within 24 hours
What causes yersinia infection
Gram negative baccillus
Pigs are key carriers - raw or undercooked pork
Yersinia incubation and length of infection
4-7 dyas
>3 weeks of symptoms
What infectious diarrhoea can be istaken for appendicitis and whty
Yersinia - R sided abdo pain due to mesenteric lymphadenitis
