Infectious Diarrhoea Flashcards
1
Q
What is Infectious Diarrhoea?
A
- Inflammation of gastrointestinal tract = loose/watery stools
- Due to invasion/colonisation of pathogenic micro-organisms in gut
- Lead to infections = disturb normal functioning of digestive system
2
Q
Aetiology
A
- Bacteria, viruses, parasites, some fungi
- E coli, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, clostridium difficule
- Viruses: norovirus, rotavirus, enteric adenovirus
- Parasites: giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium, entamoeba histolytica
3
Q
Pathophysiology
A
- Pathogens go into GI tract via various routes.
- Release toxins/cause direct damage of lining on intestine
- Increased fluid secretion and decreased absorption
- Diarrhoea
4
Q
Risk factors
A
- Poor hygiene, eat/drink contaminated food or water
- Live in crowded environment
- Immunocompromised
5
Q
Signs/symptoms
A
- Frequent loose/watery stools
- Abdominal cramps
- Nausea/vomiting, sometimes fever
- Dehydration = less pee, dry mouth, fatigue, light-headedness
6
Q
Diagnosis
A
- Medical history/physical examination
- Stool sample
7
Q
Management
A
- Patient need to be hydrated
- Monitor u&e = electrolyte balance assessment, oral/IV fluid may be required
- Rare cases= antibiotics and seek guidance
