Infectious diarrhea

Question 1

watery, non-inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 1

small bowel

Question 2

inflammatory (increased T, WBC, RBC) diarrhea

Answer 2

colon

Question 3

Non-inflammatory diarrhea pathogens

Answer 3

norovirus, rotavirus, giardia, cholera, ETEC

Question 4

inflammatory diarrhea pathogens

Answer 4

C jejuni, shigella, E coli O157:H7, C diff, E histolytica

Question 5

associated with V. cholera

Answer 5

drinking salty, warm, communal, untreated water

Question 6

cholera toxin

Answer 6

ganglioside GM1 receptor

mechanism: cAMP

Question 7

abrupt, copious rice water diarrhea and vomiting associated with drinking contaminated water and eating contaminated shellfish. communal disease

Answer 7

cholera

Question 8

most serious manifestation in cholera infection

Answer 8

dehydration

Question 9

oral rehydration solution

Answer 9

juice/soft drink + heaping teaspoon sucrose

Question 10

winter. SICK CONTACTS. watery diarrhea. oral-fecal transmission, contaminated shellfish/water. short illness

Answer 10

norovirus

Question 11

winter. SPORADIC. watery diarrhea. fecal-oral transmission. week-long illness in infants, young children

Answer 11

rotavirus

Question 12

waterborne illness. watery diarrhea, fatigue, abd cramps, bloating, malodorous stool, flatulence

Answer 12

giardia lamblia

Question 13

fecal leukocytes with positive stool cultures

Answer 13

inflammatory diarrhea

Question 14

most common cause of hemorrhagic colitis. less than 1 week illness. highest rate in young children and elderly

Answer 14

E coli O157:H7

Question 15

Spectrum of E coli O157:H7 illness

Answer 15

asymptomatic, non-bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

Question 16

Mechanism of E coli O157:H7

Answer 16

shiga-like toxin binds human renal endothelium –| protein synthesis

Question 17

treatment of E coli O157:H7 infection

Answer 17

bactrim

Question 18

nosocomial watery or bloody diarrhea. +/- fever, leuckocytosis and severe colitis

Answer 18

C diff

Question 19

Salmonella, yersinia infection sites

Answer 19

nodes, blood, gallbladder

Question 20

salmonella (typhoid fever) epidemiology

Answer 20

rare in US, 12-33 mil worldwide –> 600,000 deaths per year (SE Asia)