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Pharmacy Practice 7 > Infectious Diarrhea > Flashcards

Infectious Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

describe type 7 diarrhea

A

entirely liquid stool

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2
Q

describe type 6 diarrhea

A

mushy stool

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3
Q

Diarrhea is defined as _______ or more loose or liquid stools in 24 hours

A

3

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4
Q

prolonged diarrhea is how many days?
persistent diarrhea?
chronic diarrhea?

A

7-13
14-29
30 or more

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5
Q

dysentery diarrhea describes?

A

inflammatory diarrhea associated with blood and pus

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6
Q

watery diarrhea is typically caused by a ______ infection, commonly due to __________

A

viral, norovirus

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7
Q

bloody diarrhea is typically caused by a ______ infection, commonly due to __________

A

bacterial, c. diff, entamoeba, Yersinia, or E. coli

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8
Q

what are rare rxns from bloody diarrhea?

A

Guillain-barre syndrome
hemolytic uremic syndrome
toxic megacolon
reactive arthritis

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9
Q

when do we perform lab tests for infectious diarrhea?

A

bloody diarrhea
fever/signs of sepsis
diarrhea longer than 7 days
pt is immunocompromised

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10
Q

viruses are the most common cause of ____ diarrhea

A

acute

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11
Q

when is empiric antibiotic therapy indicates for diarrhea?

A

traveler’s diarrhea
bloody with fever and abdominal pain
infant under 3 months
immunocompromised patient

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12
Q

in the absence of signs and symptoms of inflammatory infection, you should suspect _____ infection and avoid _____

A

viral, antibiotics

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13
Q

do NOT use antibiotics in _____________ due to increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

shiga-toxin producing E. coli

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14
Q

do NOT use antibiotics in shiga-toxin producing E. coli due to increased risk of _______________

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

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15
Q

studies have shown that antibiotics may reduce symptom duration in adults with severe diarrhea by _____

A

1 day

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16
Q

what antimotility agents can be used and what type of diarrhea are they indicated for?

A

diphenoxylate, atropine and loperamide for watery diarrhea

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17
Q

antimotility agents should be avoided with _______________ and bloody diarrhea

A

shiga-toxin producing e. coli

18
Q

norovirus is treated with? avoid?

A

rehydration, avoid antimotility agents

19
Q

T/F there is a vaccine to prevent norovirus

A

false

20
Q

T/F there is a vaccine to prevent rotavirus

A

true

21
Q

what vaccines help prevent traveler’s diarrhea?

A

live cholera vaccine
hep A
salmonella (typhoid) vaccine

22
Q

what OTC med can prevent traveler’s diarrhea, but is not commonly recommended?

A

bismuth subsalicylate

23
Q

when do we consider prophylactic antibiotics to prevent traveler’s diarrhea?

A

immunocompromised patients on short-term travel
critical travel (military)

24
Q

what is first-line tx for traveler’s diarrhea?
what about other options?

A

azithromycin

levo/ciprofloxacin
rifamycin
rifaximin

25
Q

what should be in a travel kit to prepare for traveler’s diarrhea?

A

loperamide
thermometer
oral rehydration solution
water purification method

26
Q

what is a good resource for travel medicine?

A

yellow book

27
Q

what is the most common cause of foodborne illness in the US?

A

norovirus

28
Q

a patient is diagnosed with foodborne illness after going to a new restaurant last week. The patient reported eating a salad with oysters. What is the most likely organism causing the symptoms?
a. Rotavirus
b. Clostridium perfringens
c. Norovirus
d. Clostridium botulinum

A

c

29
Q

a patient is diagnosed with foodborne illness after going to a new restaurant last week. The patient reported eating clams for dinner and has bloody diarrhea. what is the most likely organism causing the symptoms?
a. Campylobacter
b. Norovirus
c. E. coli
d. Clostridium difficile

A

a

30
Q

clostridium perfringens can cause foodborne illness from eating what?
a. unpasteurized dairy, clams, or dirty water
b. leafy greens, fruit, shellfish, or dirty water
c. Improperly canned or fermented foods
d. Beef, poultry, gravy, dried or precooked foods

A

d

31
Q

clostridium botulinum can cause foodborne illness and is found in ______. A main symptoms is descending ______

A

honey, paralysis

32
Q

_________ increases the risk of being exposed to salmonella

A

handling animals

33
Q

unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses, raw sprouts, melons, hot dogs, deli meats, and smoked seafood have the risk of causing what foodborne illness?

A

listeria

34
Q

what foodborne infection can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth and premature delivery?

A

listeriosis

35
Q

which antibiotics have the highest risk of c. diff?

A

clindamycin
carbapenems
fluoroquinolones
cephalosporins
broad spectrum penicillins

36
Q

what is the enzyme test for c. diff?

A

glutamate dehydrogenase

37
Q

what is the PCR test for c. diff?

A

NAAT

38
Q

Non-severe c. diff infection is a WBC ________ and SCr ________.
what are the antibiotics used?

A

< 15,000, < 1.5
First line: fidaxomicin
alt.: vanco
third line: metronidazole

39
Q

Severe c. diff infection is a WBC ________ and SCr ________.
what are the antibiotics used?

A

> 15,000, > 1.5
first line: fidaxomicin
alt: vancomycin

40
Q

Fulminant c. diff infection presents as hypotension or shock or megacolon and is treated with what antibiotics?

A

oral vanco AND IV metronidazole

41
Q

when is a fecal microbiota transplant considered for a c. diff infection?

A

after 3 recurrent cases of C. diff

42
Q

when is bezlotoxumab contraindicated for treating c. diff?

A

pt with CHF

Pharmacy Practice 7 (8 decks)

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