Infectious Conditions of the Urinary Tract Flashcards
List the urease producing bacteria that are commonly found to inhabit and infect the urinary tract
- Proteus spp
- Klebsiella spp
- Pseudomonas spp
- Staphylococcus spp
- Corynebacterium renale
- Actinobaculum suis
When a urease-producing bacteria causes a UTI in an animal, what is a subsequent complication?
- With the production of urease, ammonia levels increase which damages the uroepithelium and creates an alkaline pH, predisposing to urolith formation and enhances bacterial proliferation
What are the predisposing factors to a UTI?
- Catheterisation
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- ## female > male
If proteinuria is found in a urine sample, what might be causing this?
- Pyelonephritis
- Cystitis
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
If Haematuria is found in a urine sample, what might be causing this?
- Enzootic haematuria
- Pyelonephritis
- Urolithiasis
- Cystitis
If Haemoglobinuria is found in a urine sample, what might be causing this?
- Babesia infection
- Bacillary haemoglobinuria
If Pyuria is found in a urine sample, what might be causing this?
Pyelonephritis
If Glycosuria is found in a urine sample, what might be causing this?
Diabetes mellitus
Clostridium perfringens type D (pulpy kidney)
If Icterus is found in a urine sample, what might be causing this?
Leptospirosis
What are the major infectious urinary conditions of cattle, and what pathogens cause them?
- Bovine pyelonephritis: Corynebacterium renale group (C.renale, C.pilosum, C.cystitidis) or E.coli
note: these can be normal inhabitants which end up making their way up to the kidney - Embolic Suppurative Nephritis: Trueperella pyogenes, Strep and Staph
- Focal Interstitial Nephritis: Leptospira spp, E.coli and Salmonella serovars
- Bacillary Haemoglobinuria: Clostridium haemolyticum + Fluke in the liver
What are the major infectious urinary conditions of sheep, and what pathogens cause them?
- Embolic Suppurative Nephritis: Trueperella pyogenes, Strep spp, and even Tick pyaemia introducing Staph aureus into blood stream
- Focal Interstitial Nephritis: Leptospira spp and E.coli
- Ulcerative balanoposthitis (pizzle rot): Corynebacterium renale
- Pulpy kidney: Clostridium perfringens
What are the major infectious urinary conditions of pigs, and what pathogens cause them?
- Porcine pyelonephritis: Actinobaculum suis
- Embolic Suppurative Nephritis: E. rhusiopathiae, Trueperella pyogenes, Strep spp
- Focal Interstitial Nephritis: Leptospira spp and E.coli
- Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome: Porcine circovirus 3
- Classical and African Swine Fever viruses
What are the major infectious urinary conditions of horses, and what pathogens cause them?
- Sleepy Foal Disease/ Shigellosis: Actinobacillus (Shigella) equuli
- Cystitis and Urethritis: Strep, Staph and E.coli
- Equine Infectious Anemia: a type of retrovirus that damages all blood vessels and leads to immune complex glomerulonephritis
What are the major infectious urinary conditions of dogs, and what pathogens cause them?
- Cystitis: Ascending infection of Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC), Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Staph, and beta-hemolytic Strep
- Leptospirosis: Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae
- Canine Herpesvirus 1: severe systemic infection with pathognomonic eccymotic haemorrhage in the kidneys
- Canine Infectious Hepatitis: leading to immune complex glomerulonephritis
- Canine Distemper: causing a catarrhal cystitis
What are the major infectious urinary conditions of cats, and what pathogens cause them?
- Immune-complex glomerulonephritis: Feline Infectious Peritonitis and Feline Leukemia
- Feline Urolithiasis: possible association with Feline calici and herpes but mostly it is due to environment and diet
