Infectious colitis Flashcards

1
Q

How long do episodes of infectious colitis typically last?

A

7 days

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1
Q

What is infective colitis?

A

A contagious illness caused by an infection in the colon, or large intestine

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2
Q

Give 4 viruses that causes infective colitis?

A
  1. Norovirus
  2. Rotavirus
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Cytomegalovirus
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3
Q

Give 7 bacteria that cause infectious colitis:

A

1) salmonella
2) shigella
3) E. coli
4) C. difficile
5) Yersinia enterocolitica
6) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
7) Campylobacter jejuni

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4
Q

Give 2 parasites that can cause infectious colitis:

A

1) Entamoeba histolytica
2) Giardia lamblia

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5
Q

Give 5 sexually transmitted diseases that can cause infectious colitis:

A
  1. HIV
  2. Gonorrhoea
  3. Chlamydia
  4. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2
  5. Syphilis
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6
Q

Give 7 symptoms associated with infectious colitis:

A

1) abdominal pain
2) watery or bloody diarrhoea
3) vomiting
4) nausea
5) fevers
6) appetite loss
7) weight loss

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7
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission for infective colitis?

A

faecal-oral (coming into contact with contaminated food and water)

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8
Q

Give 5 risk factors for infective colitis:

A

1) travel to a foreign country
2) staying in hospitals
3) taking antibiotics
4) having close contact with an infected person
5) being immunocompromised

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9
Q

What simple test can be used to help diagnose infective colitis?

A

Stool microscopy and testing for specific antigens

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10
Q

What 3 molecules in stool indicate C.diffcile infection?

A

1) C. difficile antigen (specifically glutamate dehydrogenase)
2) toxin A (enterotoxin)
3) toxin B (cytotoxin)

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11
Q

Give three risk factors for C. difficile infection:

A

1) being in hospital
2) repeat use of antibiotics
3) repeat use of PPIs

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12
Q

Give the 4 C antibiotics that are associated with causing C. difficile:

A

1) Clindamycin
2) Ciprofloxacin
3) Cephalosporins
4) Carbapenems

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13
Q

How is infectious colitis treated?

A

most cases typically clear on their own but in severe cases or cases of C. difficile, antibiotics are given

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14
Q

What is the first line antibiotic for C. difficile infection?

A

vancomycin

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15
Q

What is the second line antibiotic for C. difficile infection?

A

fidaxomicin

16
Q

Name a new treatment for C. difficile infection that does not use antibiotics:

A

faecal microbiota transplantation

17
Q

Name 3 differential diagnoses for infective colitis?

A
  1. Inflammatory bowel disease
  2. Ischaemic colitis
  3. Radiation colitis